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1、现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,一)构成:,have/has+动词过去分词,二) 含义:,(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.,句式构成,1.肯定句:,S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。,2. 否定句:,S ( 语)+have/has+not +PP(过去分词)+(其他）。,3.一般疑问句,Have/has+ S (主语)+PP(过去分词)? Yes, S+have/has. N
2、o, S+have/hasnt.,（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.,I havent seen him since his wedding day .,Have you seen him since his wedding day?,He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句), Has he written to you since you have been ill?, He hasnt written to me since I have been
3、 ill,不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：,1） AAA型(三种都一样) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,3） ABC型(三种都不一样) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-
4、came-come become became become run ran run,写出下列动词的过去分词形式. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _ 4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _ 7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _ 10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _ 13. bring _ 14. break _ 15. give _ 16. get _ 17. know _ 18. open _ 19. write _ 20. forget _,Woken taught Sold seen Rid
5、den paid Chosen thrown Thought eaten Driven caught Brought broken Given gotten Known opened Written forgotten,1. 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,1.Already 肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?,注: 有already的
6、句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.,2. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑问句:,I ha
7、vent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3. ever在现在完成时中的用法,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,4. never在现在完成时中的用法,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,Eg. He has e
8、ver made dumplings. 否定句:,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,5. just在现在完成时中的用法,用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?,6. before在现在完成时中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,(定义二) 表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能
9、继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how lo
10、ng, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,5.短暂动词和
11、 延续动词转换,be,be over,be back,be away (from),be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,瞬间动词 vs延续动词,wear/ be on,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,练习,判断：他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ),He has been at the station for
12、half an hour .or He arrived at the station half an hour ago,He _the League since two years ago Joined B. has joined C. has been in 翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了 -,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,have /has been to，have / has gone to， have / has been in的用法区别,1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点
13、，常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。 2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。 3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态 巧记 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记清； have / has been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行； have / has gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。 have / has been in +地名， 已经在某地了。,用have /has been to和have / has
14、gone to填空 1. Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . 2. What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,四)It is +一段时间 +since+句子(一般过去时) =一段时间+has passed +since + 句子(一般过去时),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,练习,自从我来到这正好两天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has passed since I came here,It_ (be) ten years since I _(finish) middle school.,ishas been
