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1、,Grammar,非限制性定语从句,1.今年21岁的谢蕾已经来到我们大学攻读工商管理资格证书。 2.大多数外籍学生在进入学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。 3.“你还必须习惯一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力。”谢蕾解释说。她在中国时一直居住在同一座城市。 4.有的房东家也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的人家住在一起会给她提供机会，更好地了解这个新的文化。 5.他想要知道的是我所想的是什么。这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为该文作者所知道的比我多得多。,根据课文翻译以下的非限制性定语从句,1.今年21岁的谢蕾已经来到我们大学攻读工商管理资格证书。 Xie Lei, w
2、ho is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification. 2.大多数外籍学生在进入学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。 She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. 3.“你还必须习惯一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力。”谢蕾解释说。她在中国时一直居住在
3、同一座城市。 You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning.,根据课文翻译以下的非限制性定语从句,根据课文翻译以下的非限制性定语从句,4.有的房东家也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的人家住在一起会给她提供机会，更好地了解这个新的文化。 Living with host families, in which there may be other students, gives her the chance to learn more
4、about the new culture. 5.他想要知道的是我所想的是什么。这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为该文作者所知道的比我多得多。 He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,分
5、析两种定语从句省略后的结果:,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略。,非限制性定语从句省略后意义 仍然完整， 所以可以省略。,逗号隔开,修饰 限定,补充 解释,能,不能,的,两个句子,无 逗号,定语从句,非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也 不影响主句意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。 引导“非限定”的关系词有： 1. 指人时： 2. 指物时： which （可指某个词也可指整个主句， 从句只能位于主句之后） as （表示正如，可位于主句前或主句后） 3. 指地点时： 4. 指时间时： 5. 指原因时：,非限制性定语从句的用法 See Vic. En. P66-67
6、,who, whom, whose,which, as, whose,where = 相应介词 + which,when = 相应介词 + which,for which （切不可用why）,1. The famous basketball star, _ is an American, came to China yesterday. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. Black, with _ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot. 4. X
7、ian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. 7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. 8. The managers daughter, _ name is Ann, gave me a patient smil
8、e.,who,whom,which,which,课堂练习,when,where,which,whose, 在 of which / whom 之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词,1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of _ are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of _ are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of _ come from
9、 US.,Other examples:,which,whom,whom,“非限定”使用须知 1. 从句中所有的关系词都不可省略 2. 从句通常不能用that引导 3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换, 也不能省略。 4. 从句不能用why引导, 要用 for which 代替why 5. 从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导; 而要用关系代词 as 引导 (as可放主句前, 也可放主句后),要点归纳,1) I have a sister who works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）,2)
10、I have a sister, who works in a hospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。 （只有一位姐姐）,注意1：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.,注意2: 当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,as 和 which 可指代整个主句 (= and this / and that)
11、 as 可放在句中或句首, which 只放在句末 _ we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, _ is very important to us.,As,which,注意3: as / which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别,关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。 As we all know, he is a famous scientist. As is expected, he is a
12、diligent boy. She has the same book as you have.,as 引导非限制性从句，常意为“正如”。 可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：,as is known to all / as we all know as is often the case as might / could be expected as has been said before as has been mentioned above as has been pointed out as can be imagined as can be seen (from these fi
13、gures) as often happens as will be shown,这是常有的事,正如人们所预料的,正如上面所提到的,正如前面所说的,正如所指出的,正如所示,碰巧； 正巧,The earth is round. _ is known to all. The earth is round, _ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round. _ is known to all that the earth is round. _ is known to all is that the earth is round.,I
14、t,which / as,As,It,Compare:,(定从),(形式主语),What,_ we expected, he made a long speech A As B That C Which D It He made a long speech, _was unexpected. A as B that C which D it,当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。,A,C,This is the same book as I lost. This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书
15、就是我丢的那本。,注意4：非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较,1) He failed in the exam. _ made his parents angry. 2) He failed in the exam, _ made his parents angry.,3) He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4) He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,Practice,高考链接,1. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 2. I have many friends, some _are businessmen. (2005全国) A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom,3. Last week, only two peop
