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1、走向高考 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,外研版 高考总复习,语法专项突破,第二部分,语法专项突破(十三) 特殊句式,第二部分,考 纲 解 读,命 题 分 析,知 识 归 纳,语 法 专 练,2,3,4,1,2013年全国及各省市的高考试卷中共有13道考查特殊句式的题。通过仔细分析，我们发现这13道题主要考查的知识点有：(1)各种倒装句的表现形式；(2)强调句型的表达方法；(3)省略句；(4)反意疑问句；(5)“祈使句and”并列句。其中倒装句与反意疑问句是难点。,一、考点知识归纳 考点一 倒装句 英语中的倒装句分为两种，一种是完全倒装句，另外一种是部分倒装句，这主要是由句首的词决定的。
2、抓住句子中的关键词汇是解答该题目的关键。如句中的not until, not only, little等，只要抓住这些，问题也就迎刃而解了。,1完全倒装 谓语动词完全位于主语之前的句子，叫完全倒装句。这类句型主要有： (1)There be主语.，此结构中的be有时用stand/exist/lie/ flow/seem等不及物动词代替。如： There seems to be something wrong with the machine. 机器好像出了点问题。,(2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in
3、 the room, on the way等，置于句首。如： Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。,(3)such置于句首时。如： Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 这就是艾伯特爱因斯坦，一个简单的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。 Such are the facts, no one can deny them. 这就是事实，没
4、有人能否认他们。 此句型中的such多被认为是表语。所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。,2部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有： (1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如： Trevor sat in the dark. Only then did I realise how unhappy he was. 特雷弗坐在黑暗里。直到那时我才意识到他是多么不快乐。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。,提示
5、：如果谓语部分无助动词或情态动词，则必须借助动词来构成倒装句，其变化类似于变一般疑问句。如： Only after the war learned he the sad news.() Only after the war did he learn the sad news. () only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装。如： Only when did he return did we find out the truth.() Only when he returned did we find out the truth. () only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。如： Only can he a
6、nswer the question. () Only he can answer the question. (),(2)not only.but also引导并列分句，且not only放于句首时，not only引导的句子倒装，but (also)句子不倒装。如： Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要的人提供医疗。 提示：此句型也可写成N
7、ot only.but.或Not only.but.as well的形式，但but(also)引导的句子不倒装，必须用正常语序。,(3)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。如： Never before have I seen such a moving film. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 Not a sing
8、le mistake did he make. 他一个错误也没犯过。 Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark. 在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。,(4)so/such.that句型，so/such放于句首时。如： In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door. 他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make
9、 himself understood. 他说英语如此清晰，他总能被听懂。 提示：在此句型中，that从句不倒装。,(5)not.until.句型的倒装。如： We didnt have supper until he returned. Not until he returned did we have supper. 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 提示：until从句不倒装，只是主句需要倒装。 (6)sobe/have/助动词/情态动词主语；也是如此。如： They love having lots of friends, so do those with disabilities. 他们喜欢
10、交很多朋友，那些有残疾的也是如此。,提示：此句型也可写成“it is the same with.”或“so it is with.”。如： They love having lots of friends, it is the same with those with disabilities/so it is with those with disabilities. 如果句意不是“也是如此”，而只是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的soindeed)，那么，句子不可使用倒装式。试比较： I was afraid. (句中的I指的是说话者A) So was I. (I指的是B，此句意为：I w
11、as afraid, too.) I was afraid. (I指的是A) So you were. (you指的也是A。此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.),再比较几个句子： He came last night, and so did I. 他昨晚来了，我也来了。 It is hot.天很热。 So it is.的确如此。 He is lazy. 他很懒。 So is she. 她也一样。,(7)neither (或nor)be/have/助动词/情态动词主语；也不这样。如： Lily cant ride, neither/nor can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑车，
12、露西也不会。 提示：此句型也写成“it is the same with.”或“so it is with.”。 (8)在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中的部分倒装 在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句可以省略if，将had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。如： Were I not so busy, I should go with you. 如果我不这么忙，我就跟你去。,3形式倒装 as, though引导让步状语从句采用倒装形式的情况 (1)表语的倒装 Tired as/though he was, he still went on with
13、 his work. 尽管他很累，还是继续工作。 Strange as/though it seems, it is true. 尽管这事看上去奇怪，却是真的。 Exhausted as/though she was, she wasnt able to sleep. 尽管她精疲力竭，但还是睡不着觉。,(2)谓语动词的倒装 Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 尽管他努力了，但考试还是不及格。 Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room. 尽管他们在
14、房子里到处寻找，但他们找不到任何东西。 (3)状语的倒装 Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。 Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them. 虽然我努力学习了，但赶不上他们。,提示：如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，将其提前构成倒装时，其前的冠词要省略。如： Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子，但懂得不少事情。 Youngest as he is in our class, he spe
15、aks English the best. 虽然他是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。,考点二 强调 1强调句型 (1)强调句基本句型的考查 It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。如： It is I who/that am right. (主语)我才是对的。 It was him that/whom we met at the school gate.(宾语) 我们在学校门口见到的就是他。 It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(状语) Tom是在公园里丢的这块表。,(2)其一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即Is/Was被强调
16、部分that/who其他成分。如： Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 教你们英语的是王教授吗？ Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？,(3)它的特殊疑问句为：疑问词is/was itthat其他成分？如： Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗户的是谁？ When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？ What is it that you want me to do? 你要我干什么？,(4)not.until.句型的强调句 其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。如： He didnt go to bed until ten oclock. It was
