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1、1 NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Software Engineering 8th edition Solutions to selected exercises These solutions are made available for instructional purposes only. They may only be distributed to students and it is a condition of distribution that they are only distributed by accredited instructors u
2、sing Software Engineering, 8th edition as a textbook The solutions may be made available to students on a password-protected intranet but must not be made available on a publicly-accessible WWW server. 2 NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Ian Sommerville 2006 Solutions to the exercises are organised by cha
3、pter and I have provided solutions for 6 or 7 exercises for each chapter in the book. In some cases, where the material is likely to be unfamiliar or where I have found students to have particular difficulties, a larger number of solutions are given. Overall, I have provided solutions for about 60%
4、of the exercises. For exercises concerned with ethical issues, there are of course, no definitive solutions. For these exercises, I have included issues that might be addressed. However, the solutions here are simply indications of what might be expected from students attempting the exercises. Many
5、of the exercises have been deliberately designed so that they may be adapted to local situations; therefore they are not specified in a rigid way. Instructors, therefore, may use these solutions as a guide but many other possible, equally valid, solutions may also be generated. There are still a sma
6、ll number of chapters where there are fewer than 6 solutions to exercises. These additional solutions will be available in the next release of this document in October 2006. 3 NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Chapter 1Introduction Solutions provided for Exercises 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7 and 1.8. 1.2The e
7、ssential difference is that in generic software product development, the specification is owned by the product developer. For custom product development, the specification is owned by the customer. Of course, there may be differences in development processes but this is not necessarily the case. 1.3
8、For important attributes are maintainability, dependability, performance and usability. Other attributes that may be significant could be reusability (can it be reused in other applications), distributability (can it be distributed over a network of processors), portability (can it operate on multip
9、le platforms) and inter-operability (can it work with a wide range of other software systems). Decompositions of the 4 key attributes e.g. dependability decomposes to security, safety, availability, etc. are also possible answers. 1.4 A software process is what actually goes on when software is deve
10、loped. A software process model is an abstraction and simplification of a process. Process models can be used to help understand real processes and to identify which aspects of these processes could be supported by CASE tools. 1.6Method support provided by CASE tools: Editors for specific graphical
11、notations used Checking of the rules and guidelines of the method Advice to tool users on what to do next Maintenance of a data dictionary - all names used in the system Automatic generation of skeleton code from the system models Generation of reports on the design 1.7Problems and challenges for so
12、ftware engineering Developing systems for multicultural use Developing systems that can be adapted quickly to new business needs Designing systems for outsourced development Developing systems that are resistant to attack Developing systems that can be adapted and configured by end-users Finding way
13、s of testing, validating and maintaining end-user developed systems There are obviously lots of other problems that could be mentioned here. 1.9Advantages of certification Certification is a signal to employers of some minimum level of competence. Certification improves the public image of the profe
14、ssion. Certification generally means establishing and checking educational standards and is therefore a mechanism for ensuring course quality. Certification implies responsibility in the event of disputes. Certifying body is likely to be accepted at a national and international level as speaking for
15、 the profession. Certification may increase the status of software engineers and attract particularly able people into the profession. Disadvantages of certification 4 NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Ian Sommerville 2006 Certification tends to lead to protectionism where certified members tend not to pr
16、otect others from criticism. Certification does not guarantee competence merely that a minimum standard was reached at the time of certification. Certification is expensive and will increase costs to individuals and organisations. Certification tends to stultify change. This is a particular problem in an area where technology developments are very rapid. These are possible discussion points - any discussion on this will tend to be wide ranging and touch on other issues such as
