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1、目 录 Contents,考情精解读,考点一 并列句,考点二 状语从句,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,考纲解读,命题规律,由上表及近几年的高考试题可以看出: 1.并列句时有考查,而对其的考查主要是并列连词的选择;对状语从句的考查主要集中在时间、条件、让步状语从句上,有时涉及目的、结果和原因状语从句。 2.试题的设置呈现综合性和交叉性,往往与定语从句、名词性从句结合起来考查,尤其对于有些连词,要注意其在不同语境中所表示的不同意义。如while引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句等。,命题趋势,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,返回目录,考点一 并列句,继续学习,由并列连词连接的,两个或两个以上的分句放在一
2、起的句子叫做并列句。不同的并列连词有不同的意义,也折射出各个分句之间的不同逻辑关系。根据分句之间的不同关系,并列句可以分为以下几种:,1.表示并列关系的并列句 表示并列关系的并列连词有and, bothand,as well as。,Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.汽车半路抛锚了,他们只好在一家小旅馆过夜。 Bob as well as his parents is going on holiday this summer.鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。,例,继续学习
3、,2.表示选择关系的并列句(选择并列句) 表示选择关系的并列连词有or, or else, otherwise,eitheror, notbut,Be careful about what you say or you may regret it. 当心你讲的话,否则你会后悔的。 Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 要抓住机会,否则你会后悔的。 You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.你可以星期六也可以星期日来。,例,继续学习,3.表示递进关系的并列句(联合并列句) 表示递进关系的并列
4、连词有not onlybut also, neithernor,Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确,而且说得还更轻松。 I have neither time nor money for the ball.我既没有时间也没钱参加舞会。,例,特别提醒,这类表示递进关系的并列句,在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申,包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。,继续学习,4.表示转折关系的并列句(转折并列句) 表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, however, whereas,nevert
5、heless等。,I would have written before, but I was ill. 我本该早写信的,但我生病了。 I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要再尝试。 Some men are rich, while (whereas) others are poor.一些人富有,但其他人贫穷。,例,特别提醒,although/though不能与but连用,但可以和yet, still连用。如: Although he lives alone, yet he is happy. =He lives alone, but h
6、e is happy. 他虽然单独生活,但很愉快。,继续学习,5.表示因果关系的并列句(因果并列句) 表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for,thus,therefore等。,We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport. 我们必须早点动身,因为开车去机场得花两个小时。 The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk. 商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。,例,特别提醒,for引出的分句只能后置,并用逗号与前面的句子隔开;它主要用来表示推测性的原因,或附带解
7、释说明前一分句的情况。so用于连接两个句子,第一个叙述原因,第二个表示结果,且because不能与so连用。如: I think you must set off right now, for they are waiting for you.我认为你必须立刻出发,因为他们正在等你。 She was not feeling very well, so she stayed at home all day.她觉得有点不舒服,所以一整天都待在家里。,继续学习,6.表示对比关系的并列句 表示对比关系的并列连词有while。,He likes pop music while Im fond of fo
8、lk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。,例,继续学习,7.when也可作并列连词用,其意义为“这时,那时“, 相当于and at this/that time,常用于下列句式: (1)Sb. was doing sth.when,We were having a meeting when he broke in. 当时我们正在开会,突然他闯了进来。,例,(2)Sb. was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when,I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我
9、正要出门,这时电话响了。,(3)Sb. had just done sth.when,I had hardly left when it began to rain. 我刚走,天就开始下雨了。,例,例,返回目录,特别提醒,1.当or, eitheror, neithernor, bothand等连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据“就近一致“原则确定。如: Either he or I am right.或者他或者我是正确的。 2.“名词+as well as+名词“作主语时,强调的是前面的名词,谓语动词的形式要根据前面的名词而定。 not onlybut also连接名词作主语时,强调
10、的是后者,谓语动词的形式要根据后面的名词而定。如: The teacher as well as his students is going to plant trees tomorrow.明天不但学生们去植树,老师也要去。 Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏。,考点二 状语从句,继续学习,状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号分开;放在主句之后时,一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原
11、因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句的连词归纳如下:,继续学习,1.时间状语从句 (1)when, while与as引导时间状语从句的区别,继续学习,When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。 When the film ended, the people went back.电影一结束,看电影的人们便回去了。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头望。 Please dont talk so
12、 loud while others are working.别人在工作时,请别高声谈话。,例,继续学习,(2)表示“一就“的连词引导时间状语从句,继续学习,特别提醒,表示“一就“的其他结构: 1.hardly/scarcelywhen和no soonerthan。注意:这两个结构中when和than都是并列连词,when/than前的分句通常用过去完成时,when/than后的分句通常用一般过去时。当hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首时,它们所在的分句要部分倒装。如: I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to ra
13、in.我一到家就开始下雨了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station the train left.我们刚到火车站火车就开了。 2.“on+动词-ing“和“on+ones+n.“结构。当动词-ing和n.在意义上相对应时,这两个结构可以互换。如: On arriving the station, the thief was arrested.刚到火车站,这个小偷就被逮捕了。 On his arrival in Paris he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他刚到巴黎,就被认出是位贵族
14、并被投入监狱。,继续学习,(3)till, until和notuntil引导的时间状语从句 延续性动词(肯定式)+until/till表示“动作延续到为止“。,We walked along the river until/till it was dark.我们沿着河散步,一直到天黑。,例,瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)+until/till表示“直到才发生“。,He didnt know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我告诉他,他才知道这件事。,强调句型:It is not untilthat,It was not until the p
15、rofessor came that we began the experiment.直到教授来了,我们才开始做实验。,例,例,继续学习,特别提醒,1.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。如: Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。 2.not until置于句首,主句要用倒装结构。如: Not until the film began did she arrive.直到电影开始她才到。,继续学习,(4)before 和since引导时间状语从句 before引导时间状语从句时词义非常灵活。,Please make su
16、re you return the book before its due.请确保在书到期之前归还。(在 之前) Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.继父和我相处一段时间后才彼此习惯。(之后才) Someone called me up in the midnight, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.有人半夜给我打电话,但我还没来得及接就挂断了。(还没来得及就) We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们还没跑到一英里,他就感到累了。(还没就) Please write it down before you forget it.趁你还没有忘记请写下来吧。(趁还没就),例,继续学习,sinc
