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1、Section Grammar时间状语从句和原因状语从句一、时间状语从句1when, while和as(1)when引导时间状语从句的用法when引导时间状语从句时，句中的谓语动词既可为延续性动作，也可为瞬时性动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。例如：When I lived in the countryside, I used to go fishing with my fellows.(延续性动作)我住在乡下时，常和伙伴们去钓鱼。When the lecture finished, the audience warmly clapped Yi Zhongtian.
2、(瞬时性动作)演讲结束时，听众向易中天热烈鼓掌。when可以用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。例如：We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时一个人闯了进来。when还表示原因，相当于since(既然；考虑到)。例如：It was foolish of you to do it when you have realised its impossibility.既然你已意识到不可能做这件事，却去做了，真够愚蠢的。温馨提示：当when引导的从句是系表结构，且主语和主句的主语一
3、致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。例如：As a young man (When he was a young man), he was fond of reading.他年轻时，喜欢读书。(2)while的用法while引导的状语从句中的动作必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作的相比性。例如：Dont talk with others while your mouth is full.吃东西时别对着别人说话。while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。例如：I like staying at home on weekends, while
4、my wife enjoys going shopping.周末我喜欢待在家里，而妻子喜欢去购物。while作从属连词，意为“尽管”，有时还等于although。例如：While (Although) I am willing to help, I do not have enough time.尽管我乐意帮忙，但没有足够的时间。(3)as的用法as引导的状语从句中谓语动词可为延续性动作，表示从句和主句两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边，(一边)”或“随着”。例如：She hurried to work, looking behind at her son as she went out
5、.她匆忙去上班，边出门边回头看儿子。As time went on, he missed his parents more and more.随着时间的推移，他越来越思念父母亲。2every time, each time, next time, the first time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每次，下次”。例如：Each time I met with difficulty, my teacher would help me.每次我遇到困难，老师都会帮助我。The first time I climbed Mount Tai, I was impressed with he
6、r beauty.第一次爬泰山，我就被她的美景吸引住了。3.before和since(1)before的用法before表示“还未就；不到就；才，还没来得及”。例如：We hadnt run a while before Tom felt tired.我们还没跑一会儿，汤姆就累了。Please note down before you forget.趁着没忘记，请记下来。It will be一段时间before.多久之后才。例如：It will be one month before I complete it.我一个月之后才能完成。It wont be long before we grad
7、uate.不久我们就毕业了。(2)since的用法since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生的动作。since从句的时态如果是一般过去时，相应地，主句的时态是现在完成时或是现在完成进行时。例如：I have never heard of him since he left home.自他离家出走，我至今没听到他的消息。They have been working for the factory since they came here.他们自来到这里，就一直为这个工厂干活。在“It is一段时间since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作
8、完成或状态结束时算起。例如：It is three years since I moved to London.我搬到伦敦三年了。It is ten years since Ive seen her.我已经十年没见她了。二、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because(因为), as(由于), since/now that(既然)等。because语气最强，表示的是直接的理由。可用来回答why引导的问句，可用于强调句型它所引导的从句常放在主句后as语气较弱，较口语化，表示较明显的原因或已知的事实它所引导的从句常放在主句前since/now that语气较弱，所表示的原因为人们已知的事
9、实。常译为“既然”since常和now that互换，但now that可用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理I cant get to sleep because there is much noise outside.由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。As he was in a hurry, he left this bag home.由于他太匆忙才把包丢在了家里。Since it is late, I shall go home now.由于时间太晚了，我现在要回家了。Now that the rain has stopped, lets go home at once.既然雨已经停了，我们马上回
10、家吧。名师点津for“因为”后跟句子时，不是从属连词而是并列连词，是用来说明、补充解释或表示一种推理，所以for后面的并列句不能置于句首。The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟儿都在叫了。考情分析高考要求学生应该掌握各类状语从句，能够掌握各类状语从句的常见连词，能够根据语境和逻辑关系选用恰当的状语从句的连词。某些常见连词的特殊含义和用法也是高考的考查点之一。每年的高考试卷中都会对状语从句以及连词进行考查。2018、2017年课标全国卷、均考查了状语从句中连词的运用。相似助记表示“一就”的结构可以归纳为：“the名词”类：the mom
11、ent, the minute, the second, the instant副词类：immediately, instantly, directly结构类：Hardly/Scarcely. when., No sooner. than.介词短语类：on/upondoing或on/upon名词高考佳句Debra Avery has been a horse lover since she was a little girl in San Diego.在圣迭戈，自从Debra Avery还是个小女孩的时候，她已经是一个骑马爱好者了。If you dont understand somethin
12、g, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你不明白某件事情，你可以去调查、研究并与其他人商讨，直到你弄明白为止。即时训练.句型转换1Ill call you as soon as I get home from work.Ill call you the_moment I get home from work.Ill call you immediately I get home from work.2.No sooner had I walked in the door tha
13、n the phone rang.Hardly_had I walked in the door when the phone rang.3She went to bed after her son had arrived home.She didnt go to bed until her son had arrived home.4Since Ann is no longer my wife, Im no longer responsible for her debts.Now_that Ann is no longer my wife, Im no longer responsible
14、for her debts.5My father didnt attend the meeting because he was ill.My father didnt attend the meeting because_of his illness.完成句子1Tom must have been ill in bed this morning, for_he_was_not_here (因为他不在这里)2Next_time_you_come_to_my_home (下次你来我家时), remember to bring your son.3Its true that we dont kno
15、w what weve got until_we_lose_it (直到我们失去它)4Now_that_you_have_made_mistakes (既然你犯了错误), you should be punished.5While_we_were_talking (当我们还在讲话时), the teacher came in.6It_is/has_been_five_years (已经有5年了) since I last met my aunt.7It_wont_be_long_before (不久之后) we have a holiday.8He didnt leave until_it_stopped_raining (直到雨停).单句语法填空1It will not be long before you become an excellent reporter.2The head of the company promised
