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1、Section Grammar一、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来说明主句谓语动词发生的时间，由连词引导。本单元主要学习when, while, as及by the time引导的时间状语从句。1when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，主句和从句中的动作或状态可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。When they heard the news, they were very excited.当他们听到这个消息时，非常激动。(hear是短暂性动词)When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海
2、滨去。(live是延续性动词)名师点津(1)when还可作并列连词，意为“就在这个时候”。I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.我正在看电视，这时突然有人敲门。(2)when还可译为“这时；就在那时”，常用于以下句型：be about to do. when 正要做这时be doing. when 正在做这时had done. when 刚做完就2while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。While/When she was reading a novel, she cried.她看小说的时候哭了。They r
3、ushed in while we were discussing problems.我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。名师点津while还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。另外， while还可用作并列连词，表示“然而”。While/Although/Though he is young, he has been to many countries.虽然他很小，但他去过很多国家。Some men were rich, while others are poor.一些人很富有，而其他人很贫穷。3as引导时间状语从句时，常表示两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译作“一边一边；随着”。He hurr
4、ied home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。As time went on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天越来越暖和了。4by the time引导时间状语从句时，一般情况下，如果从句用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时；如果从句用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时。By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了。By the time he retires, he will have w
5、orked for 35 years.到退休时，他将工作满35年。考情分析状语从句包括时间、地点、条件、让步、原因、目的和结构状语从句。统计近几年的高考英语试题及各地的模拟试题可以看出，每套试题中时间状语从句所占比重最大，试题中会出现不同性质的连词，如as可以引导时间状语从句也可作并列连词使用，表示对比关系。即时训练1单句填空1Whenever you buy (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.2It was the middle of the night when my fa
6、ther woke (wake) me up and told me to watch the football game.3As you go through this book, you will_find (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.4She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was_shopping (shop) at the department
7、 store.5The passengers were_enjoying (enjoy) themselves when a small rat stole out from the bag of a young man.二、过去完成时1基本用法过去完成时的构成为“had过去分词”。主要用法如下：(1)表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。By the end of last week, they had finished the work.到上周末为止，他们已经完成了工作。When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had be
8、en away for almost an hour.当杰克到时，他得知玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。名师点津过去完成时常常用在宾语从句中，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。She said that she had finished her homework.她说她已完成家庭作业了。(2)某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、计划或打算。常用的动词有hope, expect, suppose, think, want, wish等。They had wanted to help but couldnt get here in time.他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。I
9、 had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.我本来想送他一张圣诞节贺卡，但把这事给忘了。2过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用(1)在no sooner. than, hardly. when句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“一就；刚就”。I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down.他刚冲出去房子就塌了。(2)在i
10、t was the first time that.句型中，that从句常用过去完成时。It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。3过去完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去的参照点。I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.当公交车最终来的时候，我已在车站等了三十分钟。He once worked
11、as a teacher for 5 years, but now he is a successful manager.他曾经做过5年教师，但现在他是一位成功的经理。考情分析动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重。过去完成时是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，注重在语境中考查动词的时态，试题难度呈现加大的趋势，对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高。因此做题时要吃透语境，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思维，把时态和语态结合在一起，进行综合考虑。即时训练2.单句填空1Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ha
12、d_left (leave) my book in the cafe.2When walking down the street, I came across David, who I hadnt_seen (not see) for years.3Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen (see) most of the guests before.4It was the first time that he had_visited (visit) the Great Wal
13、l.根据汉语意思完成句子1到去年为止，已经出版了30,000本书。By last year, 30,000 books had_been_published.2她说她还没看过那部小说。She said that she hadnt_read the novel yet.3我们本来希望能来看看你。We had_hoped to be able to come and see you.4这是她第三次被他的话伤害。It was the third time that she had_been hurt by his words.5他说他已经告诉我们要买什么了。He said he had_told
14、us what to buy.6这对双胞胎已经完成了他们的家庭作业，他们被允许在操场上打羽毛球。The twins, who had_finished their homework, were_allowed to play badminton in the playground.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1I remembered I hadnt_told (tell) her the truth yet.2Before he moved (move) to the countryside, he had_lived (live) in town for ten years.3The bu
15、s had_gone (go) when I arrived at the bus stop.4He had_copied (copy) the report three times by ten last night.5Tom had thought of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made (make) him change his mind.6The vegetables didnt taste very good. They had_been_cooked (cook) too long.7She (had)_changed (change) her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.8While I was walking down the street I noticed (notice) a police car in front of the building.
