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1、大学生自考教育中心 2017 年 4 月高等教育自学考试英语写作真题 I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points) The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
2、 The Benefits of Regular Exercise In recent years, many people have become increasingly aware of the need for physical fitness. Almost everywhere people turn, whether to a news stall or television, advice for improving health bombards them. Although much of this advice is for commercial purposes, so
3、me of it, especially that advocating a regular exercise program, deserves serious attention. Such a program, if consisting of exercise at least thirty minutes three times a week, provides numerous benefits. Regular exericise releases tension, improves appearance, and increases stamina. The first of
4、these benefits, the release of tension, is immediate. Tension builds in the body because of stress, anxiety, of fear. Doctors agree that participating in an active sport such as tennis or volleyball for thirty minutes eases tension. If a person swims, jogs or rides a bicycle for half that time, he w
5、ould sleep better at night and have a better mood the next day. In addition, after the relief of 大学生自考教育中心 tension, minor irritations and frustrations should be less troubling. For examples, if one is upset by the days work or by a traffic jam, he may rush home, argue with the family, and eat excess
6、ively. Taking about thirty minutes to release frustrations through physical exercise could help him to avoid this behavior. Planned physical exercise, therefore, can eliminate or at least control tension. In addition to an improved appearance, increased physical strength produces stamina. A stronger
7、, healthier body is obviously more capable of working harder and, in fact, of withstanding normal fatigue. A worker who exercises should be able to complete a forty-hour week and still retain enough energy for shopping and housework. Similarly, a student who goes to school, keeps house and perhaps w
8、orks part time should accomplish tasks more efficiently. Equally important, this stamina help to keep off illnesses such as colds and influenza. Altogether, improved endurance is one of the most important benefits of a regular exercise program. Although easy solutions to weight-losing and body-shapi
9、ng flood the media, actually acquiring these benefits is not easy. The rewards, however, are fully worth the effort. An established exercise 大学生自考教育中心 program makes a person feel relaxed, look good, and have adequate strength for strenuous as well as routine activities. II. Write an outline. (20poin
10、ts) Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it. How to Raise a Moral Robot In the future, humans will create more intelligent and more moral robots than those portrayed in the recent film Chappie. What the film touches on is perhaps the greatest challenge of raising
11、 moral robots. The toughest part is how to safely integrate robots into society. As is known, humans are the most powerful learning machines on Earth. If robots are to be pare of human society, they have to become at least second best at learning. Is it possible for humans to produce moral robot lea
12、rners? More and more scientists of artificial intelligence (AI) agree that true intelligence comes from learning, not just from programming. With a growing number of machine learning approaches available, robots can take in new information, they turn that information into instructions and learn from
13、 feedback to adjust actions in the ever-changing environments. Robot learning, however, must have limits. If scientists succeed 大学生自考教育中心 in building sophisticated robots that can learn, they will have to establish limits to how robots learn. If robots are allowed to learn anything they can and want
14、, they may become brutal bullies. Therefore, programmers must set rules and laws that prohibit them from learning anything socially undesirable. One approach to that problem is democratic robot learning. Programmers write a small number of fundamental norms into the robot, and let it learn the remai
15、ning ones. These fundamental norms will include prevention of harm, especially to humans, but also politeness and respect. The norms will then be translated into behavior, for example, what it means to be polite in a particular context. They also define conditions under which one fundamental norm ca
16、n replace another. Its OK, for instance, to drop politeness when a robot tries to save someone from harm. Democratic robot learning would also guide a robot in dealing with contradictory teachers. Say one person tries to reach the robot to share, and another tries to teach it to steal. In that case, the robot should ask the whole community which teacher it should listen to. After all, the norms and morals of a community are typically held by the majority of members in that community. This appr
