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1、不景气 slump （衰退 recession） 中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering) 市场资本总额 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 内部股（非上市招股） private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk 风险管理 risk management 坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大风险 risks in
2、 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist 第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry) 第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry) 主要经济指标 major economic indicators 国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品
3、和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出） 国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出） 人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 扩大内需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理预期 inspire the general publics confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption 长期国债 long-term treasury b
4、onds 支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds 财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt 按原口径计算 calculate on the base line 按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price 按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price 列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 经常项目顺差 favorable balance of
5、 current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mor
6、tgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive 大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk 操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中国人民银行（中央银行）The Peoples Bank of China（cen
7、tral bank） 四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中国银行 Bank of china 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 实际增长率 growth rate in real terms 年均增长率 a
8、verage growth rate per annum 投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value 实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI) 零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI） 生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost 生活费用 income available for living expen
9、ses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents bank savings deposit 恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Engel coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力） 片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫经济 bubbl
10、e economy 经济过热 overheating of economy 通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale 劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk 收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy 适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fi
11、scal policy 信用紧缩 credit crunch 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved. 合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. 保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustwo
12、rthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector 适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products 国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 私营企业 private businesses 民营企业 priva
13、tely-run businesses 中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises) 存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 货币回笼
14、 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 operating expenses 再贷款 re-lending; subloan 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock m
15、arket 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 综合指数 composite index 纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市场 the main board 通货紧缩
