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1、英国文学作家作品列表PeriodHistorical BackgroundLife TimeNameCN NameWritingsCN WritingsNotesEarly&Medieval Period(449-1485)早期中世纪时期（poetry, Romance, Popular ballad）英国中世纪文学史大致可分为盎格鲁-撒克逊（The Anglo-Saxon Period,449-1066）和中古英语（The Middle English Period,1066-1485）两个时期。The making of the England: Jutes, Angles and Sax
2、ons invaded Albion and combined into one United Kingdom-the England.Their dialects gradually grew into a single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English.Feudal system was established；Roman Catholic Church controlled over the country.700-750Boewulf贝奥武甫英国的民族史诗(the national epic of the English peopl
3、e) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements.1343-1400Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗利乔叟The Canterbury Tales（Masterpiece）坎特伯雷故事集the Father of English poetry英国诗歌之父，the forerunner of English renaissance英国文艺复兴先驱， metrical form (格律形式) laid the foundation of the English verse格律形式奠定了基础的英语节律，the he
4、roic couplet英雄双韵体RenaissancePeriod(Humanism)(late 15th century early 17th century)文艺复兴伊丽莎白时代（The Elizabethan Age）的英国戏剧是英国文艺复兴时期所有文学形式中最辉煌的一种，代表了英国乃至整个欧洲文艺复兴时期文学创作的最高成就。poetry (sonnet and blank verse), drama, essayThe Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) and Tudor dynasty which was established by Henry VII
5、in 1485.Reformation: Protestantism became the official national religion.The Enclosure movement: compelled peasants to become the hired laborers for the merchants. Flourishing in the Elizabethan Age: The commercial expansion and the rise of bourgeoisie.The war with Spain: in 1588, the Spanish Armada
6、 was defeated. England had sovereignty over the seas.文艺复兴具有三个主要特征:古希腊、罗马文化的复兴；知识的复兴;人文主义运动的发展。1478-1535Thomas More托马斯莫尔Utopia乌托邦理想国，空想主义的代名词，开创英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河the first to introduce the Sonnet into English literature首先把十四行诗译成英语文学1552-1599Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾赛The Faerie Queen仙后the poets poet诗人中的诗人歌颂女王，宣扬
7、人文主义思想The Spenserian Stanza斯宾塞诗体1564-1593Christopher Marlowe克里斯扥夫马洛Dr FauctusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta浮士德博士的悲剧帖木耳大帝马耳他的犹太人The Renaissance exploration spirit and extreme individualism spirit文艺复兴探索精神和极端的个人主义精神, the greatest playwright before Shakespeare莎士比亚之前最伟大的剧作家，“University Wit”大学才子派, the pionee
8、r of English drama1564-1616William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚Four comedies：1.A midsummer nights dream2.The Merchant of Venice3.As You Like it4.Twelfth night Four tragedies:1.Hamlet 2.Othello3.King Lear4.The tragedy of MacbethThe Tempest四大喜剧：1.仲夏夜之梦 2.威尼斯商人3.皆大欢喜4.第十二夜四大悲剧：1. 哈姆雷特2. 奥赛罗3. 李尔王4.麦克白暴风雨above all
9、 writers in the past and in the present time，he produced 2 long narrative poems, 154 sonnets and 38 plays两首长诗歌，154首十四行诗和38部戏剧，represents the climax of the Renaissance代表了文艺复兴时期的高潮，one of the first founders of realism第一个现实主义的创始人之一，an encyclopedia of the Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代的百科全书，the largest command o
10、f vocabulary他有最大的词汇量，Aeschylus and Shakespeare as “ the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known”埃斯库罗斯和莎士比亚是“两个世界历来所知最伟大的戏剧天才”1561-1626Francis Bacon弗兰西斯培根Essays Of Studies论说文集论读书champion of modern science现代科学拥护者，散文家，题材广泛17th century（poetry, comedy, prose）English Revolution (1649)The e
11、stablishment of a CommonwealthThe monarchy was restored (1660)Glorious Revolution(1688)17世纪前60年，是一个动荡不安，风云际会的时代：期间爆发了震惊世界的英国清教革命。事实上，早在16世纪末，伊丽莎白女王统治晚期，英国社会已危机暗伏。1588年，英国战胜了西班牙无敌舰队，取得海上霸主的地位。外患既去，内忧渐起，一致对外时被搁置一旁的种种矛盾逐渐暴露了出来，并迅速激化：以宗教改革为目的的清教实力日益壮大，矛头直指黑暗腐败的国教；议会和王权间摩擦频繁，新兴资产阶级羽翼渐丰，不甘雌伏于王权之下；兼之两任斯图亚特
12、王詹姆士一世和查理一世缺乏政治才能，政府腐化，人民的不满情绪高涨，1642年英国内战终于爆发。7世纪上半叶，影响英国的不仅是清教革命，一场思想革命也在悄然展开。现代天文学家哥白尼（Nicolaus Copernicus,14731543）大胆提出了日心说，推翻了地球是宇宙中心的观念。1572-1631John DonneThe metaphysical玄学派约翰邓恩The FleaDeath Be Not ProudThe Songs and Sonnets A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning跳蚤死神你别骄傲歌谣与十四行诗离别辞：节哀the founder o
13、f Metaphysical poetry(writing on love, death and religion)形而上学的诗歌的创始人(写爱情、死亡和宗教)，The Metaphysical Conceit玄学奇喻cynicism犬儒主义1608-1674John Milton The puritan清教徒约翰弥尔顿LycidasAreopagitica Paradise LostParadise RegainedSamson Agonistes利西达斯为英国人民申辩失乐园复乐园力士参孙a great revolutionary poet of the 17th century17世纪的伟
14、大的革命诗人，a great master of blank verse无韵诗的大师，the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English英语诗歌戏剧之后希腊风格是最完美的例子1628-1688John BunyanThe puritan清教徒约翰班杨The Pilgrims Progress天路历程A Puritan prose writer一个清教徒散文作家，allegory梦幻宗教寓言，In the 17th century British social realistic picture
15、 17世纪英国社会现实主义图景1631-1700John DrydenThe cavalier约翰德莱顿All for Love 一切为了爱情Age of Dryden the greatest poet between Milton and Popepoet laureate桂冠诗人The greatest Restoration works are the worldly, witty comedies (Comedy of manners风俗喜剧).Neoclassical Period1660-1798(Enlightenment)启蒙文学时期(Neoclassicism)新古典主义时期（poetry, drama, fiction）A period of comparatively peaceful developmentIndustrial RevolutionEnlighten
