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1、Period ThreeGrammar，Speaking & Writing一、动词ing形式作主语1.动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数形式。Swimming is my favourite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的一项运动。动名词和不定式作主语的区别：动名词动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作Lying is wrong.撒谎不对。不定式不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性动作To lie to her is wrong.对她撒谎不对。2.形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事是
2、浪费时间。Its useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的。Its no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to give up smoking.想说服他戒烟完全是浪费时间。It is worthwhile reading such a wonderful novel.读这样一本精彩的小说很值得。It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.等别人
3、替你做决定是没有用的。3.当句型“There is no.”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词ing形式作主语。There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse.不能否认环境状况正在逐步恶化。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。即时跟踪1用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Swimming(swim) is one of the best allround exercises.2.Being(be) able to speak another langu
4、age fluently is a great advantage when you are looking for a job.3.Its a waste of time discussing(discuss) such matters with him.4.There is no saying(say) what may happen.5.It is no good arguing(argue) with himhe is very stubborn.二、动词ing形式作宾语1.作动词的宾语常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，post
5、pone)建议完成多练习(advise，finish，practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，cant help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。I dont like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。Would you mind open
6、ing the window?你介意打开窗子吗？2.作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be worth等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。Since the examination is around the corner，I have to
7、 give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。The old couple have got used to living in the countryside.这对老夫妇已习惯生活在乡下了。3.有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词接宾语的形式意义forget to do.忘记做forget doing.忘记做过remember to do.记着要去做remember doing.记得做过regret to do.遗憾/抱歉要做regret doing.后悔做了try to do.尽力做try doing.尝试做me
8、an to do.打算做mean doing.意味着go on to do.接着做(另外一件事)go on doing.接着做(同一件事)stop to do.停下来去做某事(另外一件事)stop doing.停止做某事(同一件事)Try to write better in your exam.考试时尽量要写得更好些。Since the front door wont open，why not try opening the back door?既然前门打不开，为何不试一试后门呢？4.动词need，require，want表示“需要”时，其后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区
9、别。The window needs/requires/wants cleaning.The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.窗户需要擦了。即时跟踪2用所给动词的正确形式填空1.I have made up my mind，and I dont want to put off making(make) a try at it.2.Wasting your time means shortening(shorten) your life.3.While shopping，people sometimes cant help being talk
10、ed(talk) into buying something they dont really need.4.He tried eating(eat) sweets instead of smoking(smoke).5.The house needs decorating/to be decorated(decorate).三、动词ing形式(动名词)的否定形式和复合结构1.动词ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词ing形式之前。Not wanting to continue my service in the factory was the reason
11、 why I gave up.不想继续在这家工厂工作是我放弃的主要原因。2.动词ing的复合结构动词ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing，即“sb./sb.sdoing”构成。动词ing的复合结构实际上是给动词ing加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：形容词性物主代词动词ing名词s动词ing代词宾格动词ing名词动词ingToms winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leavi
12、ng now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？注意：(1)动词ing的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用、两种形式。(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第种形式。即时跟踪3完成句子1.Not knowing how to use/Being unable to use/Not being able to use(不会用) a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.2.Her being late(她迟到) made our teacher very angry.四、动词ing形式
13、的语态在语态上，动词ing形式有主动式(doing，having done)和被动式(being done，having been done)。主动式表示主动意义；被动式表示被动意义。He insisted on sending her to hospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。He insisted on being sent to work immediately.他坚持要立即被派去工作。即时跟踪4用所给动词的正确形式填空1.From his look I could tell that he was afraid of being fined(fine).2.Being left(
14、leave) alone made the little girl very afraid.用所给动词的正确形式填空1.My ambassadorial(使节的) duties will include introducing(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu.(2016全国)2.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings(土坯房) admirable is their ability to “air condition
15、” a house without using(use) electric equipment.(2015全国)3.Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽)4.Keep holding(hold) your position for a while.(2014辽宁)5.One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about being(be) late for school.(2014新课标全国)6.Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going(go) for a s
