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1、省 略,省 略 定义 为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称为省略。省略是重要的修辞原则，因此，只要不损害语法结构，不产生歧义，能省略的就应省略。,简单句中的省略 1.省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (It) Doesnt matter. 2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?,3.在对话或并列句中，如果主语、谓语不同，而宾语相同，则常省去相
2、同的宾语部分。 Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).,4.省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have。 Are you going there? Yes, Id like to (go there). 注意：在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留to: want, wish, like, hate, hope, intend, plan, love, refuse, expect，但当want 和like用于从句中时，to常常省略。,5.结构省略 可以根据通常的语法结构加以判断，比如省略表语
3、或同时省略几个成分。但在否定句中不能省略。 We have lived here (for) ten years. I havent seen you for three months.,并列句中的省略 1.在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。 My office was on the tenth floor, and his (office was) on the twelfth (floor). 并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面的分句中，这时被省略的词语便出现在下文。 George will (take the course) and Bob might take the c
4、ourse.,2.省略动词 + 宾语或补语 I will buy a house. He will (buy a house) too. 3.省略主语 + 谓语动词 We still have shortcomings, and (we have) very big ones, too. 注意：出现在并列句中的be, have, do,如果在一个分句中作助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。 4.省略主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 They tried to prevent the pollution, but (they did) not (prevent the pollution) v
5、ery successfully at the beginning.,复合句中的省略 1.复合句中的省略现象常见于从句中，主句中的省略通常出现在句首。 Hope you will have a good journey. 2.有时整个主句都可省略， 这种省略通常出现在简短答语中。 Are you going to buy the house? Unless my wife objects.,3.复合句中的省略现象多出现在状语从句中，在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或主语是it时，可省去“主语+be”部分。 Although hard-working, he couldnt ear
6、n enough even to support him. 4.引导宾语从句的从属连词只要从句不长，that通常都可省略。但如果从句较长或从句的语境较复杂, 连词that 不能省略。 1）I hope (that) all will go well. 2）She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.,5.在than或as引导的从句中的省略。 Many others are doing better than we are. 6.省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so 或 not代替。常用于此类的动词有believ
7、e , think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell以及appear, seem, afraid等。 Is he coming back tonight? I think so.,7.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。 Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.,8.不定式符号to的省略。 (1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) 某些使役动词（le
8、t, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree.,(3)介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to。 The boy did nothing but play. (4)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。 All we can do now is (to) wait.,1. (2014福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant,
9、the temperature rarely,_ ,reaching 30in summer. A.if not B.if ever C.if any D.if so 【解析】选B。考查状语从句的省略。句意:这儿气候宜人,如果曾经有过(高温)的话,夏天温度也很少达到30摄氏度。if ever意为“如果曾经有过或即使有过的话”,其作用是缓和语气。if not如果不是这样的话;if any如果有一些的话;if so如果是这样的话。,【高考链接】,2. (2014湖南高考)Children, when_by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadiu
10、m. A. to be accompanied B. to accompany C. accompanying D. accompanied 【解析】选D。考查状语从句的省略形式。句意:有家长陪伴时,孩子们才被允许进入体育场。在状语从句中,当主句主语与从句主语一致,且谓语动词含有be或be的某种形式时,可以省略从句中的主语和be。设空处的完整形式为when they are accompanied by.,省略了they are。,3.(2013福建高考)Anyone, once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical
11、treatment from our government. A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test 【解析】选C。考查状语从句的省略。句意:任何一个人一旦被检测到携带阳性H7N9流感病毒,将会接受来自我们政府的免费治疗。若主句与状语从句的主语一致,状语从句中又含有系动词be,则可省略状语从句的主语和系动词,该从句补充完整为once anyone is tested.,故选C。,4.(2013新课标全国卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was as
12、ked by the police_. A.not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 【解析】选B。考查动词不定式的省略。句意:司机想把车停 在路边,但是警察提醒他不可以。此处是ask sb.to do的被动 语态形式,所以首先排除C、D两项。动词不定式符号to指代 前面的to park his car near the roadside,为了避免重复,直接 用to。,5. (2012陕西高考) All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unl
13、ess B. until C. once D. if 【解析】选A。考查连词及状语从句的省略。句意:这本书里的相片,除非有说明,否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。unless = if.not,表示“除非”。unless stated=unless they are stated,是状语从句的省略。,6.（2011江苏高考）It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _wed better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for tha
14、t D. If so 【解析】选D。考查省略结构，句意：听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不这样的话；but for that要不是因为那样；if so如果这样的话。根据句意可知D项符合句意。,【课堂训练】,1. While _ the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. A. walked B. was walking C. being walked D. walking 2. Be careful when you cr
15、oss this busy street. _, you may get run over by a car. A. If not B. If so C. If any D. What if,3.Though _ money, his mother tried her best to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 4.The boy wanted to go on a trip to Tibet alone, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do it,
