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1、英语专业四级考试 语法精讲虚拟语气第一部分：概述虚拟语气类型（宾语从句；状语从句；名词性从句（主语从句，同位语从句， 表语从句）；定语从句；特殊类型 （感叹句）；省略if 的虚拟法 （倒装）Examples The rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society.I would rather that you did nothing for the time being.I wish that I wer
2、e a student again.I wished that I had followed his suggestion.名词性从句中的虚拟主语从句(it is +adj./p.p that)同位语从句(The +n. that )表语从句(n. +be that)省略if 的虚拟法 （倒装）(1)虚拟语气中如果从句引导词if / whether 省略，从句中需要倒装，提前助动词(系动词）或情态动词。Eg. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not be able to have the sports meeting. =Should it rain
3、tomorrow, we should not be able to have the sports meeting.省略if 的虚拟法 （倒装）(2)Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting. =Be it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.If she had been given more information, she could have answered the questions.=Had she been give
4、n more information, she could have answered the questions.第二部分 详解&总结虚拟语气的动词标志“insist, suggest, require, request, demand, propose, prefer, maintain, move, urge, recommend, command, order”等动词表“建议、愿望”时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。Should +Vwish其后宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的名词标志1 “necessity”或“suggestion”等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中
5、的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。2 名词word 表“命令”时，其后主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气 (should)+V。3 wish 作名词时其后主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气(should)+V。虚拟语气的形容词标志It is + adj. that 句型中出现形容词如necessary, important, vital, decisive, critical, crucial, urgent, strange, desirable, advisable, disappointing, 或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested, proposed
6、, advised, demanded, requested, required等时，that 句中用 should + V 表示虚拟。虚拟的介词标志But for相当于if it had not been for。 But for her help, I would have lost my way.Without, in the absence of 等组成的短语可相当于一个虚拟的条件从句。 Without the light and heat of the sun, what would become of all the animals on earth? In the absence
7、 of water, plants would not grow well.Undercondition, 也可相当于一个虚拟条件从句。Under more favorable conditions, we would have made more achievements.错综时间的虚拟条件状语从句中谓语动词的形式可与主句中谓语动词的形式不“配套”，即错综时间的虚拟。If he had done as I had suggested then, he wouldnt be regretful now. If they hadnt found us then, we would still b
8、e missing on the sea. If I hadnt made sufficient preparation for the exam then, I wouldnt be in college now. 虚拟和事实（前虚拟后事实）标志: but Eg. I would have gone to the party with you, but I was too busy. = If I hadnt been too busy, I would have gone to the party with you.（前事实后虚拟）标志: otherwise Eg. I was too b
9、usy then, otherwise I would have gone to the party with you. More Informationwas (were) +to have done （不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but（陈述语气）。 Eg. I was to have arrived home on time, but my car was held up by a bad traffic jam. had hoped表示过去未实现的愿望，其从句中谓语动词要用虚拟 would+V。 Eg. I had hoped that he would agree t
10、o lend me the money.反意疑问句Detailed Points 助动词 ？ 情态动词？Have to 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有have to时，附加疑问句通常用助动词do。You have to study hard, dont you?I dont have to get up early, do I?They had to obey the rules and regulations of the school, didnt they?She didnt have to do it herself, did she?助动词 ？ 情态动词？Need 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓
11、语有need时，need做情态动词，附加疑问句仍用need，need做实义动词时，附加问句用助动词do。They neednt make such a loud noise, need they?He needs the money for his sons education, doesnt he?助动词 ？ 情态动词？Had better反意疑问句的陈述部分为had better时，附加问用助动词had。You had better go at once, hadnt you?Wed better call off our appointment, hadnt we?助动词 ? 情态动词？
12、Would rather 反意疑问句的陈述部分为would rather时，附加问句用情态动词would。 Youd rather not do it, would you?She would rather die than surrender to the enemy, wouldnt she?助动词 ？ 情态动词？Used to反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时，附加问句用助动词did。You used to stay up late every evening watching TV, didnt you?助动词 ？ 情态动词？Ought to 反意疑问句的陈述部分为ought to
13、时，附加问句用助动词should. She ought to go by plane, shouldnt she?We ought not to laugh at others mistakes, should we?助动词 ？ 情态动词？Must 反意疑问句的陈述部分有must，附加问句分三种情况：must domustnt must be随人称用系动词一般现在时must have donedidnt We must book the ticket in advance, mustnt we? （必须） She must be in the office, isnt she? （肯定）对现在
14、事情的肯定猜测。 He must have done his homework, didnt he?（肯定）对过去事情的肯定猜测。助动词 ？ 情态动词？Wish 反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时，附加问句用情态动词may。I wish to shake hands with you, may I?人称和数 （1）陈述部分主语是“I”时，附加问句的人称分二种情况： I hope that, dont you? I cant believe it, can you? I will be 14 tomorrow, arent I? I am interested in it, arent I?人称和数 （2）陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数，附加问句用it指代。陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、no one 、anybody、any one等时看作复数，附加问句用th
