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1、 范文范例参考高等学校水利类统编教材水利专业外语迟道才 周振民 主编上传人单位：华北水利水电学院水利系 完美Word格式整理版 目 录Lesson 1 importance of water 水的重要性2Lesson 2 the Hydrologic Cycle 水循环4Lesson 3 hydrology 水文学6Lesson 4 underground water 地下水10Lesson 5 what causes flooding洪水是怎样形成的14Lesson 6 nature of water pollution 水污染的性质17Lesson 7 Planning for water
2、 resources development水资源开发规划20Lesson 8 reservoirs 水库24Lesson 9 Properties of concrete混凝土的特性28Lesson 10 basic concepts of reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土基本概念33Lesson 11 dams 坝36Lesson 12 embankment dams 土石坝40Lesson 13 concrete gravity dam on rock foundations 岩基上的混凝土重力坝44Lesson 14 Arch dams 拱坝48Lesson 15 sp
3、illways溢洪道52Lesson 16 design forces 设计作用力56Lesson 17 Significance of infiltration and process of infiltration入渗重要性及过程60Lesson 18 evapotranspiration 腾发量63Lesson 19 irrigation methods 灌溉方法66Lesson 20 irrigation canals灌溉渠道74Lesson 21 land drainage 耕地排水77Lesson 22 methods of applications of drip irrigat
4、ion systems滴灌系统的应用方法81Lesson 23 hydraulic turbines水轮机84Lesson 24 hydro-electric power 水力发电88Lesson 25 differential leveling 水准测量（微差水准测量）94Lesson 26 construction and equipment施工和设备99Lesson 27 engineering economy in water resources planning水利规划中工程经济102Lesson 28 soil erosion and soil conservation 土壤侵蚀与
5、土壤保持108Lesson 29 groundwater and climate change地下水与气候变化112Lesson 30 irrigation performance evaluation 灌溉运行评价115Lesson 31 bidding, bid opening and award of contract招标、开标和授予合同118Lesson 32 how to write a scientific paper如何撰写科技论文121Lesson 1 importance of water 水的重要性Water is best known and most abundant
6、of all chemical compounds occurring in relatively pure form on the earths surface. Oxygen, the most abundant chemical element, is present in combination with hydrogen to the extent of 89 percent in water. Water covers about three fourths of the earths surface and permeates cracks of much solid land.
7、 The Polar Regions (原文polar regions) are overlaid with vast quantities of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantities from 0.1 percent to 2 percent by weight. It has been estimated that the amount of water in the atmosphere above a square mile of land on a mild summer day
8、is of the order of 50,000 tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。在水中，氧这种最丰富的化学元素与氢结合，其含量多达89%。水覆盖了地球表面的大约3/4的面积，并充满了陆地上的许多裂缝。地球的两极被大量的冰所覆盖，同时大气也挟带有占其重量0.1%2%的水蒸气。据估计，在温暖的夏日，每平方英里陆地上空大气中的水量约为5万吨。All life on earth depends upon water, the principal ingredient of living cells. The use of water by
9、 man, plants, and animals is universal. Without it there can be no life. Every living thing requires water. Man can go nearly two months without food, but can live only three or four days without water.地球上所有的生命都有赖于水而存在，水是活细胞的基本组分（要素）。人类、植物和动物都得用水。没有水就没有生命 。每一种生物都需要水。人可以接近两个月不吃食物而仍能活着，但不喝水则只能活三四天。In
10、our homes, whether in the city or in the country, water is essential for cleanliness and health. The average American family uses from 65,000 to 75,000 gallons of water per year for various household purposes.在我们的家庭中，无论是在城市还是农村，水对于卫生和健康来说都是必不可少的。美国家庭的年平均用水量达6.57.5万加仑。Water can be considered as the p
11、rincipal raw material and the lowest cost raw material from which most of our farm produces is made. It is essential for the growth of crops and animals and is a very important factor in the production of milk and eggs. Animals and poultry, if constantly supplied with running water, will produce mor
12、e meat, more milk, and more eggs per pound of food and per hour of labor.水可以被认为是最基本的和最廉价的原料。我们的农产品，大部分都是由它构成的。水是农作物和动物生长的要素，也是奶类和蛋类生产的一个很重要的因素。动物和家禽，如果用流动的水来喂养，那么每磅饲料和每个劳动小时会生产出更多的肉、奶和蛋。For example, apples are 87% water. The trees on which they grow must have watered many times the weight of the fru
13、it. Potatoes are 75% water. To grow an acre of potatoes tons of water is required. Fish are 80% water. They not only consume water but also must have large volumes of water in which to live. Milk is 88% water. To produce one quart of milk a cow requires from 3.5 to 5.5 quarts of water. Beef is 77% w
14、ater. To produce a pound of beef an animal must drink many times that much water. If there is a shortage of water, there will be a decline in farm production, just as a shortage of steel will cause a decrease in the production of automobiles.例如，苹果含87%的水分，苹果树就必须吸收比苹果多许多倍的水分；土豆含75%的水分，那么种植每英亩土豆就需要若干吨水
15、；牛奶含水量为88%，为了生产每夸脱牛奶，母牛需要3.55.5 夸脱的水；牛肉含77%的水，为生产1磅牛肉牛必须饮用许多磅水。如果缺水，就会使农产品减产，就像缺乏钢会引起汽车产量下降一样。In addition to the direct use of water in our homes and on the farm, there are many indirect ways in which water affects our lives. In manufacturing, generation of electric power, transportation, recreation, and in many other ways, water plays a very important role.水除了直接为我们的家庭和农场利用外，它还以许多间接的方式对我们的生活产生影响。在制造、发电、运输、娱乐以及其他许多行业，水都起着很重要的作用。Our use of water is increasing rapidly with our growing population. Already there are acute shortages of both surface and under
