《第十九二十讲不定式》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第十九二十讲不定式（53页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、非谓语动词,他喜欢读书。 He enjoys reading. 他让她去买那本书。 He asks her to buy that book. 他发现戒指丢了。 He found the ring lost.,不定式,第19，20讲 第32讲 32.1,本章要点：,不定式的结构模式（32.1) 不定式的句法功能（32.1） 不定式的结构形式 （19.1 ） 不定式的一般，进行和完成体 不带to的不定式 不定式符号的几个问题 （19.2） 不定式符号单独使用 不定式符号省略 不定式符号to 与介词to 的辨别 不定式与形容词，名词动词的搭配关系 （20）,不定式的结构形式,to write to
2、 be writing to have written to have been writing never/not to write to be written or to have been written,32.1 不定式的结构模式 (不定式分句的概念),A) 不带主语的不定式 I hope to be able to come. He likes to be invited. To be frank, I dont think much of it. We consider him to be a good officer. B) 带主语的不定式 The best thing woul
3、d be for you to tell everybody.通常由for 引导 He knew that with him to help, she would succeed. Rather than you do the job, I d prefer to finish it myself. We shall assemble at ten forty five, the procession to start moving at precisely seven.,C) 带疑问词的不定式 I dont know what to do. He opened his lips as if
4、to say something.,32.1 不定式的句法功能,主语subject,宾语object,主补predictive,定语attributive,状语adverbial,宾补complement,不定式作状语,表目的 She stood up to be seen better. He opened the window so as to get some fresh air. We started early in order not to be late for the concert. He stood aside for her to enter.,b) 表结果 In 193
5、5, he left home never to return. His work was so good as to make him well-known in the city. His indifference was such as to make all o f us despair. It was too cold (for us) to go out. He plays the violin well enough to perform at a concert.,c) 表原因 Im delighted to know that you have got a job. I tr
6、embled to think of the misfortune.,19.1 不定式的结构形式,to write to be writing to have written to have been writing never/not to write to be written or to have been written,2) 带to 与不带to 不定式,不带to 的使用场合,情态动词 注意： need 和 dare -We neednt stay here this evening. -Do we need to stay here? -She darent go there alo
7、ne. -Does she dare (to) go there alone?,b) 半助动词后 -had better do,c) would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, may/ might (just) as well, cannot but, cannot help but -Since its a fine day, we might as well walk. -Id just as soon go by train as drive. -He would rather listen to others than talk
8、 himself.,d) rather than and sooner than -Rather than cause trouble, he left. -Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress. -He decided to go fishing rather than (to) stay in the dormitory.,e)主动词+主动词固定搭配 make believe, let slip, let go (of), leave go (of), ect. - Lets make bel
9、ieve we have a million dollars.,f) let, make, have sb. do sth. -He wont have us criticize his work. 被动句需要补to -Jim made her tell him everything. She was made to tell him everything.,g) see sb. do sth. 感官动词 notice, feel, watch -I didnt hear you say that. 被动句补to -They saw him enter the building. He was
10、 seen to enter the building.,h) have known sb. do sth. （看过，听过） -I have never known that man smile .,i) help sb. (to) do sth. -Can I help (to) lift that box?,j)口诀：有do 无to; 无do有to A) except / but 前没有 do, 后要用 to e.g. There is no choice but to wait. B) except / but 前有了do, 则可以省去 to e.g. They did nothing
11、but (to) wait. The only thing I can do now is (to) go on by myself.,k) why / why not ? -Why argue with him? -Why not give Mary some flowers?,l) idiomatic expressions: -Go post a letter for me. -Come have a chat with me. -Try eat a little.,19.2 几点注意 1) 单独使用to a) 非正式语体为避免动词重复，省略do, 只保留do -You may go i
12、f you wish to. b) be or have - Arent you the manager? No, I dont want to be.,c) -You will make it if you try (to).,2) 省略不定式符号to a. and 或 or连接的两个带to不定式 -I intend to call on him and discuss this question again. b. 如果强调对比 -To be or not to be, that is the question. c. 几个不定式之间没有连词连接的时候，不能省略不定式符号 -Please
13、go to the seaside to swim, to get suntanned. d. 三个或三个以上带to不定式构成排比结构，所有不定式符号需要保留 -The student must learn to read extensively, to analyze what he reads and to summarize the main points presented,3) 不定式符号to与介词符号to 病句： I object to do this. Im used to do it. 方法：熟悉常见含介词to的搭配,a) verb + preposition to, e.g.
14、 add to, attest to, contribute to, agree to b) verb + noun / pronoun + preposition to: ascribeto, devote.to c) verb + -ed participle + preposition to: be accustomed to, be reconciled to, be reduced to d) verb + adverb particle + preposition to (also called phrasal prepositional verb): get round to,
15、look forward to,e) adjective + preposition to: adjacent to, preferable to, similar to, sensitive to f) noun + preposition to: key to, answer to g) complex preposition ending in to: in addition to, with a view to, with an eye to,20 不定式与形容词，名词，动词的搭配关系,20.1 形容词+不定式,“Adjective + infinitive” 1) Henry was
16、 happy to hear it. (= Henry was happy when he heard it.) 2) Mary is easy to teach. (= It is easy to teach Mary.) Compare: Mary is eager to teach. (= Mary is eager to teach other people.) 3) The clothes are easy to wash. (= It is easy to wash the clothes.),z,主句主语也是不定式的逻辑主语 a) 表示喜怒哀乐的形容词+不定式 He is glad to help others. We were sorry not to be there. She wasnt content to live a quiet life. John was very ple
