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1、中考二轮考点专项训练20-1 简单句的五种基本句型句子成分都由单词或短语担任，且只有一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句。初中阶段我们需要重点掌握简单句的五种基本句型及其主要用法。一、S + V（主语不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why dont you come at once when I c
2、all you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？【练习导航】. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。 He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _ _ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。 The rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物总是变化的。 Things always _.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。 His dream to China _ _ _. . 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. wa
3、ited D. to wait( )7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( )8. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( )9. What did your father say just now?Sorry, I dont
4、know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( )10. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow二、S + V + P（主语系动词表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, s
5、ound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。1. 他感到有点累。_2. 这听起来是个好主意。_3. 海伦在家吗？_4. 我的电脑在书房里。_5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。_6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。_7. 问题是你想干什么。_8. 他总是乐于助人。_9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。_10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。_三、S
6、+ V + O（主语及物动词宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：Hes having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。【练习导航】. 找出下列句子的宾语。1. He handed in his homework this morning. _2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. _3. He forgot which way to go. _4
7、. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? _5. Ill do what I can. _. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6. 你认识这些人吗？Do you _ _ _?7. 今天早上他完成了报告。He _ _ _ this morning.8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。Now Ill _ _. 9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _ _ _ Beijing.10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I dont remember _ the accident _.四、S + V + IO + DO（主语及物动词间接宾语直
8、接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me her telephone number. _2. Bring me some water, please. _3. Ill make you some f
9、resh tea. _4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me her paintings. _. 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim
10、 showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me.【温馨提示】某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us?
11、 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。I
