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1、现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense,一 构成:,have/has+动词过去分词 (pp),肯定 主语+have/has + pp 否定 主语+have/has not + pp 疑问 Have/Has + 主语+ pp+其他 Yes, 主+have/has. No, 主+havent/hasnt.,I have finished my homework. I have not finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? Yes, I have./No, I havent. She has been t
2、o Europe. She hasnt been to Europe. Has she been to Europe? Yes, she has./No, she hasnt.,1. 规则动词：与过去时变化相同。 (1) 一般+-ed work-worked-worked (2) 以“ e ”结尾, + - d 。 live-lived -lived (3) “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，y 变 i, + -ed。 cry-cried-cried (4) 重读闭音节结尾(辅元辅)，双写后+-ed 。 drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表（p120）,动词过去分词
3、 (pp)变化规则,二 含义及用法,1 表示过去发生的动作或事情， 对现在的影响和产生的结果。,常用的关键词,yet(否/疑), already 已经 ever/never 曾经/从来不 just 刚刚 before 以前 recently, lately 最近 in/during the past/last 5 years 过去五年 by now, so far, up to now, till now 迄今 once, twice 一次 all/in ones life 某人一生,（1）already,肯定句: “己经”,一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”,Have you h
4、ad breakfast already？ (表示强调),Ive already had breakfast. (更常见) = Ive had breakfast already.,注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. Eg. Shes already eighty years old. It was already very late.,(2) yet,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Have you had breakfast yet?,I havent had breakfast yet.,注意：当在肯定句中
5、含already或just，变否定时，在句末加yet。,I havent seen the film yet., Mother has just cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet., I have already seen the film.,(3) ever,肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经”,Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,(4) never,否定句: 句中 “从来没有” Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 带e
6、ver的肯定句变否定句时, 将ever变never,He has ever made meal.,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,He has never made meal.,带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.”,(5) just,用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?,(6) before,用于句末, 表示“以前” Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,A:
7、 _ your brother _ a new watch? (buy ) B: Not yet.,Key words,Has bought,yet,A: _ you ever _ to the park? ( be ) B: Yes, I have.,Key words,Have been,yet,ever,I _ never _ of anything like that. (hear ),Key words,have heard,yet,ever,never,Tom _ in the factory since he left school ten years ago. (work ),
8、Key words,has worked,yet,ever,never,since,A: How long _ you _ in this school? (teach ) B: For 6 years.,Key words,have taught,yet,ever,never,since,for,I _ just _ the desk, you can take it to your classroom . (mend ),Key words,have mended,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,_ you _ the Forbidden City (紫禁城)
9、before ? (visit ),Key words,Have visited,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,He _ already _ a job. (find),Key words,has found,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,We _ only _ the first five questions so far. (discuss ),Key words,have discussed,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so
10、 far,They _over 20,000 fruit trees up to now . (plant ),Key words,have planted,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,Great changes _ in Beijing in the past 10 years. (take place ),Key words,have taken place,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the
11、past 10 years,He _ a lot of good things in his life. (do ),Key words,has done,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,I _ her lately. ( not see ),Key words,havent seen,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10
12、years,in his life,lately,I _ him recently. (not hear from ),Key words,havent heard from,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,He _ in this city ever since then. (live ),Key words,has lived,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,a
13、lready,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,ever since then,He _ in this high school till now. (teach ),Key words,has taught,yet,ever,never,since,for,just,before,already,so far,up to now,in the past 10 years,in his life,lately,recently,ever since then,till now,2. 表示一个从过去
14、开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：动词延续性,（1）for +,I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years. She has worked for 10 hours.,一段时间,（2）since +,(过去的)时间点,I have been here since 2000. He has worked as a lawyer since 5 years ago? Theyve lived in CQ since they married in 2000.,注1)：
15、since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。 I have been here (ever) since then.,注2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用how long,I have lived here for 10 years., How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3)：短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用，也不能用于how long问句中。 （误）I have left for 5 years.,(正)I have been away for 5 years.,短
