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1、主旨大意题的解题技巧主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和归纳能力。主要有主题型和标题型两类，题干中一般有main idea, topic, title, mainly about等字眼。1、快速解题法此类题的阅读文章多属于议论文和说明文，其结构特点常表现为：提出问题论述问题得出结论或阐明观点。考生对这一结构的掌握，有助于迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络，从而快捷而准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。解答此类题目的关键在于迅速抓住阅读文章的主题句。考生只要找准了主题句，对于阅读理解中的主旨大意题就迎刃而解了。主题句的显著特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子结构简单精练；文章或段落
2、中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。主题句的五种位置：文首；文尾；首尾呼应；文中；没有主题句。主题句的确定方法：用浏览法（skimming），即只需选读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。2、辨认主旨小窍门段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答可能就是文章主旨。提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。3、答题基本步骤阅读文章开头几句和最后几句，以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。浏览文章的其余部分，寻找能支撑
3、和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。仔细推敲各个选项，排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项，从而选出最佳答案。4、推敲正误小窍门正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。正确选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。干扰项特点：细节信息明显，内容片面，以偏概全，只含局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的话，概括范围太宽或太窄，或是此选项没有具体的内容。词义猜测题的解题技巧这类题包括词义猜测和句意猜测两类；词义又包括单词和短语意义。近几年的高考阅读理解题中一般有2至3个小题是直接考查
4、词句意义猜测的。对词义考查主要有对生词词义的推测和对熟词生义的推测或是在特定场合下对词或句子的理解。这里着重谈一谈如何猜测词的意思。1、根据转折关系根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接词，如but, however, otherwise, though等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一词的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折，对比或不相干的意义。如：例1：Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. （广东卷）例2：A childs birthday party doesnt have to be
5、 a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. (全国卷)What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A. A party designed by specialistsB. A plan requiring careful thought C. A situation causing difficulty or troubleD. A demand m
6、ade by guests2、根据对比关系表示对比关系的标志词有：unlike, not, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等。如：例3：If you agree, say “Yes”; if you dissent, say “No”.3、根据同类关系同类关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示同类关系的词和短语有：similarly, like, just as, also等。如：例4：Mr Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.4、根据因果关系
7、表示因果关系的词有：because, so that, so / such that 等。如：例5：The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.5、根据同位关系阅读中出现的难词有时后面会紧跟一个同位语对其进行解释或进一步补充说明，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。如：例6：Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. （全国卷）6、根据并列关系当词或短语之间有关列连词and或or（或者、否则）时，其连
8、接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，推辞其大致意思。如：例7：In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls. 例8：And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may frear that saying no will bring back the kind of
9、counflict you grew up withor destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy.The underlined word “conflict” in the second letter means .A. dependent life B. fierce fightC. had manners D. painful feeling7、根据比喻关系一般由asas, like等表示。如：例9：The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a rose leaf
10、in water.8、根据定义关系定义句的谓语动词多为be, mean, be considered, refer to, be called, be known as等。如：例10：Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.9、根据所举实例一般由for example, such as, like等来表示举例。如：例11：Many United Naitons employees are polyglot. Ms White, for example, speaks six lan
11、guages.10、根据同义关系根据生词所处语境中的同义词或近义词的意思来推测它的意思。如：例12：Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.11、根据转换说法插入语that is, that is so say, in other words以及namely, i. e. , or等都可以用来对前面的内容进行解释，意为“也就是说”“即”。如：例13：The cinema is only open to adults, i
12、. e. people over 18.12、根据标点符号冒号、破折号、括号等都可表示对前文的解释或说明。如：例14：Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favoritism will replace equality. （上海卷）The word “favoritism” is used to describe the phenomenon that .A. brigh
13、t children also need certificates to get satisfying jobsB. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobsC. poor children with certificates are favoured in job marketsD. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success13、根据定语从句由生词后起修饰限制或起补充说明作用的定语从句推测其意思。如：例15：Jack is now a flo
14、rist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.14、根据逻辑推理根据生词前后的搭配关系和上下文的意思等来推测其意思。如：例16：Although the fisherman was wearing wouwester, the storm was so heavy that he was wet through.15、根据单词发音有的英语词汇是通过音译进入汉语词汇中的我们可以根据其读音来理解其意思。如：aspirin(阿司匹林), nylon(尼龙), Olympic(奥林匹克), sofa(沙龙), typhoon(台风
15、)等。16、根据生活常识有时根据生活经验和基本常识可以推测出生词的意思。如：例17：The snake slithered through the grass.17、根据构词方法根据前缀、后缀、合成、转换等构词法来推测生词的意思。如：例18：After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers. (广东卷)例19：Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop their full adult potential, their education must be adapted(适应) to those differences.What does the underlined word “exceptional” mean in the passage?A. foolish B. unusual
