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1、语法专题十三 特殊句式,-2-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,一、倒装,考点一完全倒装,1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词,如:there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首,句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词,可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时,不倒装。 There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made. 仍然有已经出错的可能。 (2014浙江名校联盟第一次联考)Look! From opposite the street come two kids
2、,screaming in panic. 看!两个孩子从街对面过来,(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。,-3-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常用全部倒装。 South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。 3.such作表语置于句首时,也常常用全部倒装。 Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist. 这就是爱因斯坦,一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。,-4-,考点一,考点二,一,二,三,四,五,六,4.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 (1)
3、形容词+连系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were some experts. 到会的是一些专家。 (2)过去分词+连系动词+主语 Gone are the days when we walked to work. 我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。 (3)介词短语+连系动词+主语 Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys. 货物中有花,蜡烛和玩具。,-5-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点二部分倒装,1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义
4、的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等表示否定意义的词组开头,要用部分倒装语序。 Never will he come back to the factory. 他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。 Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well. 护士们不仅想要增加报酬,她们也想要减少工作时间。,-6-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,2.当句子用so,no
5、r,neither开头,说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装。 Tom likes English,and so do I. 汤姆喜欢英语,我也喜欢英语。 3.在so/such.that引导的结果状语从句中,为了强调,把so/such提到句首时,主谓要倒装。 So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得一句话都说不出来。 So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others. 他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。,-7-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点
6、二,4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,但他懂得很多。 5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。 Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him. 如果你早来几分钟,你就能看见他了。,-8-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,6.当o
7、nly所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时不倒装。 (2015天津)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。 Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。 7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed!祝你成功! 8.neither.nor.连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句都要用倒装形式。 Neither do
8、 I know it,nor do I care about it. 我既不知道这件事,也不关心这件事。,-9-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,二、省略,考点一不定式中的省略,1.单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish等词后;或放在表情绪的词后,代替被省略的动词,常见词有glad,happy,pleased等;但是,如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,则不应省略。,-10-,一,二,三,四,五,六,
9、考点一,考点二,(2013课标全国)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 那个司机想在路边停车,但是警察不让(他停在那儿)。 He is not a lawyer now,but he used to be. 他现在已不是律师了,但他曾经是。 Your work hasnt been handed in,but it ought to have been. 你的作业还没交,但早该上交了。 2.感官动词或使役动词(feel,notice,see,hear,le
10、t,make,have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。 I heard my father sing in the kitchen. 我听见爸爸在厨房里唱歌。,-11-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,3.在由and或or连接的并列不定式结构中常省略后面的to。 I want to finish my homework and go home. 我想完成作业然后回家。 4.在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather.than.,had better等句型中省略to。 The little boy could do not
11、hing but cry. 小男孩只能哭,别无他法。,-12-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点二状语从句中的省略,1.在由when,while,if,as if,although/though,as,until,once,whether,when,where等引导的状语从句中,当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语含有be时,可省略状语从句的主语和be。 When (he was) young,he helped his parents do a lot of housework. 他小的时候帮父母干了很多家务活。,-13-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,2.当从句
12、的主语是it,谓语动词是be动词时,可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词+形容词”的结构。 Though (it was) cold,he still wore a shirt. 尽管天冷,但他仍然穿着一件衬衣。 Please call me if (it is) necessary. 如果需要,请给我打电话。 3.在if so/not省略句式中,用so/not代替上文的内容。 Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early tomorrow),you will miss the early bus. 明天早点起床,不然的话,你
13、就会错过早班车。,-14-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,三、强调,考点一强调句的基本构成,强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如: It was John who(that) wore his best suit to the dance last night. 是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。 It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞
14、会的。,-15-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点二强调句的疑问句形式 强调句的一般疑问句形式为 “Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”。 Was it in high school that you began playing basketball? 你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的? Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back? 你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?,-16-,一,二,三,四,
15、五,六,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点三not.until.结构在强调句中 not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。 (2015重庆)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized. 巴赫于1750年去世,但直到19世纪早期他的音乐才华才受到普遍认可。 It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him. 直到他
16、把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。,-17-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,四、反意疑问句,考点一陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,反意疑问部分的主语与谓语常和主句保持一致。 He said that they would come to my birthday party,didnt he? 他说他们要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?,-18-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,2.当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。 They dont believe he will succeed,do they? 他们不相信他会成功,是吗?,-19-,一,二,三,四,五,六,考点一,考点二,考点二陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句 当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,n
