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1、8.5 现在完成时和现在完成进行时,现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时的构成,下一页,have (has）+ 过去分词,一、现在完成时的基本句型：,1. 肯定式 现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成；规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表；have可缩写为ve，has可缩写为s。如： Theyve worked in the factory for ten years. 他们在这个工厂工作十年了。 Hes been there before。 他以前去过那儿。,2. 否定式,现在完成时的否定式就是在h
2、as/have后加not，have not可缩写为havent，has not可缩写为hasnt。如： I havent found my lost cat. 我还没有找到我丢失的猫。 She hasnt finished her homework yet. 她还没有完成她的家庭作业。,3. 一般疑问式,现在完成时的疑问式就是把助动词has，have提到句首： -Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？ -Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。 -No, he hasnt. 不，他没去那里。,3. 特殊疑问式,特殊疑问词+一般疑问句式？ How lon
3、g has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？ Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？,II. 句型转换 (每空一词)。 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句) I been to Macau before. 2. He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就划线部分提问) he come to school? 3. He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问) learned English? 4. I bought a new bike just no
4、w. (用just改写) I just a new bike. 5. We began to learn English three years ago. (改为同义句) We English three years.,下一页,现在完成时的主要用法,1.已完成用法； 2.未完成用法。,present(now),future,past,1. 现在完成时的已完成用法：,表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。如： He has had lunch already. 他已经吃过午餐了。（现在是饱的） I have read the book ma
5、ny times. 这本书我看过多次。（还记得书的内容）,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等。,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to)- reach- buy- borrow- finish-,join- start/begin- die- cl
6、ose- open- return- marry- become-,be away (from),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),be (in/at),have,keep,be over,be in/be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be open,be back,be married,be,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join
7、 be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from),下一页,改 错 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,
8、studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。,下一页,下一页,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小
9、时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),2.现在完成时的未完成用法,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。,for与since的区别,for为介词，后面要接“段时间”；since用作介词，后接过去时间点。如： I have known him for three years. 我认识他有三年了。 We have lived here since 1998. 我们从1998年就住在这里了。,1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks
10、. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段时间,2. since +,从句(一般过去时),单词,词组,(表示过去某一时间的)时间点,Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自以来) 1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago He has stayed here since 5
11、hours ago. 3)since+ 从句 She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达） for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,Take notes,注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 对for或sinc
12、e引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on
13、_ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks these days,
14、since for a long time 连用,下一页,四、区别,1. 一些时间状语副词的用法区别 yet，already，just与ever,（1）. yet在现在完成时中的用法,否定句:句末 “还(没)”,疑问句: 句末 “己经”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,（2）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。,He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离
15、开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,（3） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。,（4） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”,We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？, before与ago，just与just now,before表示现在看来的“以前”，常单独用于现在完成时中，一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用，而ago表示在过去某时间的“以前”，常用“一段时间+ago”的形式，与过去时连用；just常与现在完成时连用，多用于句中助动词之后修饰谓语动词，just now多与一般过去时连用，一般用于句末。如：,Have you met
