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1、四书语录六十条及其英译 四书是我国经典著作论语(Confucian Analects)、孟子(The Works of Mencius)、中庸(The Doctrine of the Mean)和大学(The Great Learning)四本书的合称。千百年来，四书作为儒家经典对我国文化的各个方面如政治、哲学、教育、风俗习惯、伦理道德、民族心理以至语言等都产生过巨大而深刻的影响。可以毫不夸张地说，四书对中国文化的影响不低于圣经对西方文化的影响。四书不仅在中国而且在世界都产生过并且仍在产生着巨大影响。西方许多汉学家都翻译过四书就是明证之一。在早期众多英译本中，最优译本当推英国学者理雅各(Jam
2、es Legge)所译的华英四书(The Four Books with English Translation and Notes)。现对理氏略作介绍：James Legge(1814-1897)：约定俗成的译名理雅各(他本人起的中国名字)，标准新译名为詹姆斯莱格。英国汉学家，生于苏格兰。1839年被伦敦布道会派往马六甲任英华书院(Anglo-Chinese College)院长，1843年随该院迁香港，1873年返英。1875年牛津大学特别为他设汉文讲座，理氏在那里执教直到去世。在香港期间，他在鸦片巨商查顿、颠地等的经济支持下，又得到中国著名学者王韬在学术上的帮助，把中国的四书、五经译成英
3、文，名为The Chinese Classics，分28卷，于1861年至1886年间出版，另外，他还有很多关于中国的著作，为西方汉学作出了重要又突出的贡献。理氏译本迄今已逾世纪，但仍被认为是最佳译本之一。 下面的六十条语录是根据“去其糟粕，取其精华”、“批判地吸收”等原则精选的。这六十条及其英译，不仅能使读者对我国文化精华有所了解，而且可以帮助读者学点古文及其英译的方法。原 文1子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎。有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎。”The Master said, “Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perse
4、verance and application?Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distantquarters?Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposurethough men may take no note of him?2曾子曰：“为人谋，而不忠乎?与朋友交，而不信乎?传不习乎?”The philosopher Tsang said“I daily examine myself of three points：- whether，in trans
5、acting business for others，I may have been not faithful；-whether，in intercourse with friends，I may have been not sincere；-whether, I may have not mastered and practiced the instructionsof my teacher3子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。”The Master said, “I will not be afflicted at mens not knowing me，I willbe afflicte
6、d that I do not know men”4子曰：“诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。”The Master said“In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces，butthe design of them all may be embraced in one sentence Having nodepraved thoughts”5子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”The Master said，“At fifteen，I had my mind bent on lear
7、ningAt thirty，I stood firmAt forty，I had no doubtsAt fifty，I know the decrees of HeavenAt sixty，my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truthAt seventy，I could follow what my heart desired，without transgressing what was right.”6子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”The master said，“If a man keeps cherishing hi
8、s old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring the new，he may be a teacher of others”7子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。攻乎异端，斯害也已。由，诲女知之乎?知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”The Master said, “Learning without thought is labor lost; thoughtwithout learningisperilousThe studyofstrangedoctrinesisinjuriousindeed!Yu，shall I teach you
9、what knowledge is?When you know athing，to hold that you know it；and when you do not know a thing，toallow that you do not know it；-This is knowledge.”8哀公问曰：“何为则民服?”孔子对曰：“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。”The Duke Ai asked，saying，“What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?”Confucius repl
10、ied，“Advance the upright andset aside the crooked，then the people will submitAdvance the crooked and set aside the upright，then the people will not submit.”9子闻之曰：“成事不说，遂事不谏，既往不咎。”When the Master heard it，he said，“Things that are done, it is needlessto speak about；things that have had their course，it
11、 is needless to remonstrate about；things that are past，it is needless to blame.”10子曰：“富与贵，是人之所欲也。不以其道得之，不处也。”The Master said，“Riches and honors are what men desireIf it cannotbe obtained in the proper way，they should not be held.”11子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”The Master said, “When we see men of worth, we s
12、hould think of equaling them, when we see men of a contrary character, we shouldturn inwards and examine ourselves”12子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之文也。”The Master said, “He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning，and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors!-On these grounds he has been styl
13、ed Wan13季文子三思而后行。Chi Wan thought thrice, and then acted14子曰：“默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦”The Master said, “The silent treasuring up of knowledge；Learning without satiety；and instructing others without being wearied.”15子曰：“不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。”The Master said， “ Riches and honors acquired by unrighteousness are to me as
14、 a floating cloud.”16子曰：“我非生而知之者。”The Master said, “I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge.17子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”The Master said，“When I walk along with two others，they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities a
15、nd avoid them.18子曰：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”The Master said，“The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress”19子曰：“不在其位，不谋其政。”The Master said, “He who is not in any particular office has nothing todo with plans for the administration of its duties20子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫!不舍昼夜。”The Master standing by a stream，said，“It passes on just like this，not ceasing day or night!21子曰：“三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。”The Master said, “The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken fromhim22子曰：“岁寒。然后知松柏之后彫(diao)也。”The Master said，“When
