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1、Designation: D 4541 02 Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers1 This standard is issued under the fi xed designation D 4541; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the pull-off strength (commonly referred to as adhesion) of a
3、 coating on rigid substrates such as metal, concrete or wood. The test determines either the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that a surface area can bear before a plug of material is detached, or whether the surface remains intact at a pre- scribed force (pass/fail). Failure will occur alo
4、ng the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fi xture, adhesive, coating system, and substrate, and will be exposed by the fracture surface. This test method maximizes tensile stress as compared to the shear stress applied by other methods, such as scratch or knife adhesion, and resu
5、lts may not be comparable. 1.2 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both ma- terial and instrumental parameters. Results obtained by each test method may give different results. Results should only be assessed for each test method and not be compared with other instruments. There are fi ve ins
6、trument types, identifi ed as Test Methods A-E. It is imperative to identify the test method used when reporting results. 1.3 This test method uses a class of apparatus known as portable pull-off adhesion testers.2They are capable of apply- ing a concentric load and counter load to a single surface
7、so that coatings can be tested even though only one side is accessible. Measurements are limited by the strength of adhe- sion bonds between the loading fi xture and the specimen surface or the cohesive strengths of the adhesive, coating layers, and substrate. 1.4 This test can be destructive and sp
8、ot repairs may be necessary. 1.5 The values stated in MPa (inch-pound) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibili
9、ty of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: D 2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhe- sive Bonding3 D 3933 Guide for Prepara
10、tion of Aluminum Surfaces for Structural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz- ing)3 D 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials4 2.2ANSI Standard: N512 Protective Coatings (Paints) for the Nuclear Industry5 2.3ISO Standard: 4624 Paints and VarnishPull-Off Test fo
11、r Adhesion5 3. Summary of Test Method 3.1 The general pull-off test is performed by securing a loading fi xture (dolly, stud) normal (perpendicular) to the surface of the coating with an adhesive. After the adhesive is cured, a testing apparatus is attached to the loading fi xture and aligned to app
12、ly tension normal to the test surface. The force applied to the loading fi xture is then gradually increased and monitored until either a plug of material is detached, or a specifi ed value is reached. When a plug of material is detached, the exposed surface represents the plane of limiting strength
13、 within the system. The nature of the failure is qualifi ed in accordance with the percent of adhesive and cohesive failures, and the actual interfaces and layers involved. The pull-off strength is computed based on the maximum indicated load, the instrument calibration data, and the original surfac
14、e area stressed. Pull-off strength results obtained using different devices may be different because the results depend on instrumental parameters (see Appendix X1). 4. Signifi cance and Use 4.1 The pull-off strength of a coating is an important performance property that has been used in specifi cat
15、ions. This 1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings. Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originally
16、published as D 4541 93. Last previous edition D 4541 951. 2The term adhesion tester may be somewhat of a misnomer, but its adoption by two manufacturers and at least two patents indicates continued usage. 3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. 4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. 5Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 1 Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
