《a4-1：单面横版一页四个文本框》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《a4-1：单面横版一页四个文本框（79页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1 美国美国CPA考试考试 AUD Module 7 2 Outlines M7: Audit Sampling 3 Learning Objectives Basic Concepts in Sampling Sampling Methods Attribute Sampling for Test of Internal Control Variables Sampling for Substantive Test Classical Variable Samplings Probability-Proportional-to-Size (PPS) Sampling 4 Basic Conc
2、epts in Sampling 5 Uncertainties and Audit Risk Audit risk is a combination of the risk that a material misstatement will occur and the risk that it will not be detected by the auditor. It consists of (1) the risk (inherent risk and control risk) that the balance or class and related assertions cont
3、ain misstatements that could be material when aggregated with other misstatements, and the risk (detection risk) that the auditor will not detect such misstatement. 6 Uncertainties and Audit Risk 7 Responsibilities under AICPA Professional Standards The relevant AICPA guidance is provided by AU 530
4、“Audit Sampling.“ This pronouncement states that the auditors objective is to provide a reasonable basis for the auditor to draw conclusions about the population from which the sample is selected. 8 Sampling units Sampling Unit: Individual items to be tested Population: A group of transactions that
5、make up an account balance for which the auditor estimates some characteristics or estimate the extent of misstatement in an account 9 Basic Concepts in Sampling Audit sampling is selection of less than 100% of the population of audit relevance, and the evaluation of that sample, such that the audit
6、or expects the items selected (the sample) to be representative of the population, and thus likely to provide a reasonable basis for conclusions about the population. In this context, a representative sample is one that will result in conclusions that, subject to the limitations of sampling risk, ar
7、e similar to those that would be drawn if the same procedures were applied to the entire population 10 Risks associated with sampling Nonsampling risk includes all aspects of audit risk that are not due to sampling. It is controlled by adequate planning and supervision of audit work and proper adher
8、ence to quality control standards. The following are examples of nonsampling risk: (a) The failure to select appropriate audit procedures (b) The failure to recognize misstatements in documents examined (c) Misinterpreting the results of audit tests Sampling risk is the risk that the auditors conclu
9、sion, based on a sample, might be different from the conclusion that would be reached if the test were applied in the same way to the entire population. 11 Types of Audit Tests in Which Sampling May Be Used a. Tests of controls are directed toward the design or operation of a control to assess its e
10、ffectiveness in preventing or detecting material misstatements in a financial statement assertion. b. Substantive tests are used to obtain evidence about the validity and propriety of the accounting treatment of trans actions and balances. c. Dual-purpose tests are those in which a single sample is
11、used to test a control and to serve as a substantive test of a recorded balance or class of transactions. When a dual-purpose test is used, auditors select the sample size as the higher of that required for the two purposes. 12 Sampling Risks Related to Tests of Controls The risk that the auditor wi
12、ll conclude that the state of internal controls is effective when internal controls are actually not effective Risk of incorrect acceptance of internal control reliability (risk of assessing control risk too low) The risk that the auditor will conclude that the state of internal controls is not effe
13、ctive when internal controls are actually effective Risk of incorrect rejection of internal control reliability (risk of assessing control risk too high) 13 Sampling Risks Related to Substantive Test The risk that the auditor will conclude that the account balance does not contain a material misstat
14、ement when the account balance actually does contain a material misstatement Risk of incorrect acceptance of book value The risk that the auditor will conclude that the account balance contains a material misstatement when the account balance actually does not contain a material misstatement Risk of
15、 incorrect rejection of book value 14 Sampling Risks for Tests of Control Procedures Type I Error Type II Error 15 Sampling Risks for Substantive Test Type I Error Type II Error 16 Procedures Not used for Sampling The AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, Audit Sampling, lists procedures that do not inv
16、olve sampling as follows: 1.Inquiry and observation Interview management and employees Obtain an understanding of internal control Obtain written representations from management Scan accounting records for unusual items Observe behavior of personnel and functioning of business operations Observe cash-handling procedures Inspect land and buildings 2.Analytical procedures 3.Procedures applied to every item in a population 4.Procedures that depend on segregation of
