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1、 小升初英语语法 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men woman-women policeman-po
2、licemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 二、代词人称代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词(短)名词性物主代词（长）我I我me我 my我的-mine我的某东西，代替上文出现的名词你you你you你 your你的-yours你的某东西，上文出现他he他him他 his他的-his他的某东西，上文出现她she她her她 her她的-hers她的某东西，代替上文出现的名词我们w
3、e我们us我们 our我们的-ours我们的某东西，代替上文出现的名词你们you 你们you你们 your你们的-yours你们的某东西，代替上文出现的名词他们they他们them他们 their他们的-theirs他们的某东西，代替上文出现的名词它itititsits口诀：主格应该作主语，放在句子的开头;宾格应该作宾语，放在动词介词后；形容词性的物主代词不能单独用，必须接名词或其他词；名词性的物主代词，单独使用就可以。如：I am a student.What is your name?His bag is on the desk. That one is not his.We can fr
4、om America. We are friends.Let me help you.These shoes are nice. Try them on.They are drinking tea.三、动词1. be动词：am is are 2. 普通动词：have go come take get buy pass sit stand have talk walk see catch put等。动词的变化形式：动词的第三人称单数、动词+ing、动词的过去式（详见 时态）3. 情态动词：情态动词can, must, should 后面直接用动词原形。如： I / He / She / They
5、 can sing. You should keep quiet in the library. You mustnt play with fire. Can you help me?4. 使役动词：have, make, let后面直接用动词原形。如：Let me help you.Mother made Jim stay at home all day.四、疑问词1. what who whose which where when why how 2. “Wh-” questions:What are you doing?What color is it?What time is it?
6、Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Whos the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school ever
7、yday?五、形容词和副词big small little large tall long short fat thin old new young clean dirty warm hot cool cold fast slow lazy busy cheap early late high low tired hungry thirsty beautiful delicious expensive favorite friendly popular六、比较级和最高级1一般在形容词或副词后+erolder taller longer stronger 2. 多音节词前+moremore in
8、teresting more exciting 3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词，而词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这一辅音字母，再+erbigger fatter hotter 4. 把y变i，再+erheavier earlier happier5. 不规则变化：well-better much/many-more6. favorite 没有比较级和最高级如下表：形容词（原级） 比较级 最高级 old older the oldest new newer the newest thin thinner the thinnest big bigger the biggest heavy heavie
9、r the heaviest early earlier the earliest boringmore boring the most boring difficult more difficult the most difficult expensive more expensive the most expensive七、介词和副词In:在里1. 表示时间：泛指一般意义上的上午、下午、晚上，以及月、季节、年等较长的时间 如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.(在一天的上、下午，晚上) in spring, in summer
10、, in autumn, in winter. (在春天、夏天、秋天、冬天) in 2011, in May.(在2011年，在五月) 2. 表示空间范围。“在里面”，相对于“在.外面”而言 如：in the box, in the house.(在盒子里，在房子里) 3. 表示地理方位。 如：I live in Beijing.（我住在北京） In 1999, I lived in China.(在1999年，我住在中国) On: 1.表示特定的星期几如：onMonday,onTuesday,onWednesday.(在星期一，星期二，星期三)2.表示具体的日期，某年某月某日，或某月某日如：
11、onthefifthofMay,2002.(在2002年的五月15)，onthefirstofMay.(在五月一日)3. 表示空间范围。主要指在物体表面，或“在上面”，相对于“在下面”而言如：onthetable,ontheground.(在桌子上，在地上)At: 1. 表示具体时间，时间的某一点，某一时刻，或具体年龄 如：at six oclock.（在六点钟），at noon (在中午) at the age of six.(在六岁) 2. 表示某一点位置 如：at school, at home (在学校，在家) 3. 与名词所有格连用表示地点 如：at my sisters (在我姐姐
12、那里)，at the doctors (在医务室) 在表示位置的时候，in 与 at 的区别： in 多用于较大的地方，如国家、地区、城市等 at 多用于相对较小的地方，如某地方的学校、车站等in Shanghai, at the station. 注：1. 某些搭配与英语和美语里不同用法有关 如：in the street (E), on the street (A) (在街上) in the road (E), on the road (A) （在路上） in the team (E), on the road (A) （在队里） at the weekend (E), on the we
13、ekend (A) （在周末） 2. 习惯搭配 如：in bed , on the bed (在床上) in the tree (树外之物) , on the tree (树本身之物，如叶子，树的果实等) under in front of behind after over across into out of beside near next to 八、some 和anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?There are some books on the desk.Are there any
