《中考英语总复习(构词法)词形转换.》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语总复习(构词法)词形转换.（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、构词法，词形转换 （编辑整理 by Luna）英语中最常见的构词法： 合成法：由两个或两个以上的词合成新词 前缀 ：加在单词前的词缀 派生法： 后缀 ：加在单词后的词缀 转化法： 由一种词类转化为另一种词类 一 合成词 A 由两个或两个以上的词合成新词，前一个词起修饰后一个词的作用。B 合成词有的有连字符连接，有的不用。C 合成词的词义通常能从单词表面看出来。合成词的构成：1.复合名词 名词+名词 basketball bedroom 形容词+名词 highway blackboard 形容词+分词 good-looking 动词+名词 playground 副词+名词 overcoat 动词
2、+副词 break-in 闯入 get-together聚会 2.复合动词 名词+动词 babysit sleepwalk 形容词+动词 whitewash 粉刷 副词+动词 overcome克服3.复合形容词 名词+形容词 worldwide形容词+名词 full-time part-time形容词+名词+ ed white-haired形容词+形容词 black-white 灰白的 数词+名词 four-hour数词+名词+形容词 five-year-old名词+过去分词 man-made名词+现在分词 peace-loving热爱和平的 副词+现在分词 far-seeing 有远见的 副
3、词+过去分词 well-known著名的 4.复合代词 everyone somebody nothing5.复合副词 形容词+名词 sometimes动词+动词 maybe介词+副词 forever副词+名词 upstairs downstairs副词+副词 whole-heartedly二 派生词 前缀 1. 一般情况，加前缀只改变词义，不改变词性 dis-否定，相反，除去disagree，disadvantage，disappear，dishonestun-不，非，表否定unhappy，unpleasant，uncomfortable in，ir，im-表否定increase，irreg
4、ular，impossiblemis-表否定（误，错，恶）mistake，misunderstandnon-表否定non-stopinter-相互，交互，在一起internet，interview，internationalre-又，再，重新return，review，rewrite，repeatmid-中mid-night，mid-autumn2. 能改变词性和词义的前缀a-向里，离开，加强asleep，aside，along，en-使成为（加在形容词，名词前构成动词）enjoy，enable（使能够） 后缀 一般改变词性，构成的新词与原词词义有联系变名词 1. 变表示职业的名词(1)+er
5、 farmer worker teacher singer dancer photographer waiter player reporter listener writer reader runner owner foreignercleaner winner engineer speaker programmer leader robberinterviewer面试者;会见者;采访者 cooker炊具 villager manager注：waiter男服务员 waitress女服务员 actor男演员 actress女演员(2)+ordoctor visitor actor conduc
6、tor inventor director translator professor monitor operator donor捐赠者，医 供血者，输血者 (3)+ianmusician librarian veterinarian / vetrnerin / 兽医 (国籍；国人；语言)Australian Canadian Indian Brazilian American(4)+istartist pianist violinist scientist psychologist dentist tourist journalist specialist terrorist /terrst
7、 / 恐怖主义者；恐怖主义的 optometrist / ptmtrst / 验光师，视力测定者 (5)+manpostman fisherman fireman milkman Englishman Frenchman(6)+ingshopping beginning crossing warning greeting 2. 变表示抽象名词(1)+ ion/ tion / sion / ation I invention collection pronunciation pollution description association solution discussion suggest
8、ion permission attention congratulation situation information invitation direction donation / dnen /捐赠，赠送;捐款;捐赠物satisfaction 满意；满足(2)+mentagreement appointment development advertisement environment commitment equipment argument excitement (3)+ y /ty safety popularity difficulty activity beauty (4)+t
9、hdeath growth truth youth wealth health length warmthbirth(5)+nessIll-illness good-goodness busy-business kind-kindness dark-darkness happy-happiness sad-sadness great-greatness lonely-loneliness careful-carefulnesscareless-carelessness friendly-friendliness tired-tirednessbitterness meaninglessness
10、 laziness weakness politeness rudeness shyness ugliness sweetness cleverness selfishness(6)+ance appearance enterentrance (7)shipfriendship hardship艰难；困苦 leadership relationshipleadership领导层；领导 membership会员资格 ownership物主身份；所有权scholarship学术，学识，奖学金 sportsmanship运动员精神(8)t变cedifferentdifference importan
11、timportance confidentconfidence convenientconveniencesilentsilence(9)其它failfailure please pleasure proudpride highheight weighweight flyflight succeed success speak speech hungryhunger freefreedom wisewisdom 变形容词1. +y sunny funny foggy noisy tasty cloudy windy rainy healthy lucky thirsty snowy salty
12、 hungry sleepy crispy touristy适宜游览的，适合观光的，旅游者常去的2. +lyfriendly lively lovely daily lonely3. +fulcareful useful successful beautiful hopeful helpful grateful thankful colorful wonderful forgetful peaceful painful cheerful playful闹着玩的;爱玩的;戏谑的4. +ableenjoyable terrible adjustable comfortable knowledgeable 5. +ousdangerous humorous mysterious famous serious anxious enormous
