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1、Company Logo,考研英语 (二)之 翻译讲座,Company Logo,考研英语翻译的评分标准,共5个句子,每句2分,共10分 如果句子明显扭曲原文含义,该句得分最多不超过0.5分 如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法,若均正确,给分;如果其中一个译法有错,按错误译法评分。 中文错别字不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下,满3个错别字,扣0.5分。 一般一个句子3-4个采分点,Company Logo,考研英语翻译的标准,信,达,雅 准确:准确传达原文的内容; 通顺:中文翻译语言必须明白通常,符合规范; 完整:翻译出的一句话应该是一个完整的汉语句子,Company
2、 Logo,考研翻译的方法,1,直译为主,意译为辅 2,先拆分,后组合,Company Logo,直译为主,意译为辅,It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do. 直译: 现在被认为,我们给脑子工作越多,他们能干的工作就越多。 意译: 现在人们认为脑子越用越灵活。,Company Logo,He had one foot in the grave. 直译: 他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了。 意译: 他已经是风烛残年了。,Company Logo,1,能够直译尽量直
3、译 2,在能完全确保理解作者用意时则可以采用意译,Company Logo,先拆分,后组合,拆分的标志? 1,找标点符号 2,找表示句子逻辑关系的词语 3,找who,whose, what, which, where, when 等关系词 4,找on,in, with, at, of, to等介词 5,找分词 进行拆分,分段翻译 组合成句,Company Logo,1,找标点符号,翻译中标点符号的作用: ,分割一个句子,意群的分割 ;使句子结构平衡,分号前后连接句子,结构并列 或者语意并列,Company Logo,翻译中标点符号的作用: 解释说明,补充说明成分 : 解释说明,抽象到具体的过程
4、 ,与, 插入语 与 插入语 括号,补充说明,列举,解释生词,Company Logo,括号翻译举例,In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). 括号 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on s
5、ociety as the major contributing influence. 括号 解释说明,Company Logo,标点符号翻译重难点解析,插入语的翻译: 1,副词做插入语 2,形容词短语做插入语 3,介词短语与不定时做插入语 4,分词短语做插入语 5,主谓结构做插入语 6,what we call 句型做插入结构,Company Logo,1,副词做插入语,翻译原则:放在句子的开头进行翻译 Your proposal, incidentally, has been put to the discussion. 顺便说一句,你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。 He was luck
6、ier, however, because he was only slightly wounded. 然而,他更幸运些,因为他只受了点轻伤。,Company Logo,2,形容词短语做插入语,翻译原则:一般翻译为“的是,” 放在其修饰的句子前面翻译 Computers, most important of all, create wide communication around the world. 最重要的是,计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。,Company Logo,3,介词短语做插入语,考研英语翻译中常考的介词短语做插入语: all in all 总而言之 as a matter
7、 of fact 事实上 as a result 结果 at worst 在最坏的情况 by the way 顺便说一句 first of all 首先 for example 例如 in conclusion 总之 in fact 事实上,Company Logo,in effect 实际上 in other words 换句话说 in short 简言之 to my delight 让我高兴的是 to ones amazement 使某人惊讶的是 to ones deep regret 使某人深感遗憾的是 to ones relief 使某人感到欣慰的是 to ones surprise
8、使某人感到吃惊的是,Company Logo,翻译原则:放在句首翻译 China,in effect,has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respect. 事实上,中国已经在许多方面赶超了世界先进水平。,Company Logo,4,不定式短语与分词短语做插入语,考研英语翻译中常考的不定式短语: so to speak 可以这样说, to tell you the truth 老实对你说 to be frank 说句实话 to begin with 首先 to be more exact 更确切地
9、说 to sum up 总之,概括地说 to put it briefly 简单说来,Company Logo,to put it in another way 换句话说 to make a long story short 长话短说 to say the least of it 至少可以这样说 needless to say 不用说 to conclude 总之,最后 to be specific 具体说来 to be precise 准确地说,Company Logo,翻译原则:放在句首进行翻译 It wasnt a very good dinner, to say the least o
10、f it. 至少可以这样说,这次宴会并不成功。 The movie, to be frank, moved me to tears. 坦白地说,这部电影把我感动得流下了眼泪。,Company Logo,考研英语翻译中常见分词插入语: considering 考虑到 all things considered 从整体来看 allowing for 考虑到 judging from 从.来判断 putting it another way 换句话说 roughly speaking 大体说来 taking account of 考虑到 speaking of 说道 strictly speakin
11、g 严格地说,Company Logo,翻译原则:放在句首进行翻译 Judging from the handwriting, it should be written by our teacher. 从字迹上判断,这应该是我们老师写的。 You managed the project very well, considering your inexperience. 考虑到你缺乏经验,你对这个项目的处理得已经很好了。,Company Logo,5,主谓结构做插入语,考研英语翻译中常见的主谓结构插入语: I hope 我希望 I guess 我认为 Im afraid 恐怕 I believe
12、 我认为 I suppose 我认为 I wonder 我想知道 it seems 似乎 it is said 据说 it is suggested 有人认为,Company Logo,I contend 我认为 I assume 我认为 I argue 我认为,Company Logo,翻译原则:放在句首进行翻译 The air is rather refreshing, I suppose. 我想,那里的空气应该很宜人。 Honesty, I believe, is her virtue. 我认为,诚实是她的美德。,Company Logo,6,what we called句型做插入结构,
13、该句型在句子中不充当任何成分,拿走之后句子仍然成立 类似的句型还有: what we used to call what is called what they described as what can be called what they regarded as as we call it as we know it,Company Logo,翻译原则:通常翻译为“所谓的”可以按照原文顺序直接翻译 Most of what they regarded as geniuses are successful only because they have made extraordinary
14、effort. 大部分所谓的天才是由于付出了非凡的努力才获得成功的。,Company Logo,总结,插入语翻译: 找到插入语,一般认为,与,之间少于6个 单词的为插入语 翻译首要原则,基本放于句首进行翻译,翻译考点技巧分析定语从句:绝对考点,一、定语从句的翻译 前置 后置 定语从句需后置时,需要重复先行词。 如果定语从句结构复杂,信息负载量比较大,并且与先行词关系不太密切,翻译时后置。这时通常需要重复先行词。或者用代词代替重复先行词。 由于考研英语翻译中定语从句通常比较长,所以,后置情况居多。,It is he who received the letter that announced t
15、he death of his uncle. 译文:是他接到了那封信,说他的叔叔去世了。(限制性定语从句,后置省略先行词) I told the story to John,who told it to his brother. 译文:我把这件事情告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。(非限制性定语从句后置处理成并列分句,重复先行词“约翰”) Christmas carols are loved by all who hear and sing it every year. 译文:圣诞颂歌为大家喜爱,人们每年都欣赏和演唱。(非限制性定语从句后置处理成并列分句,重复先行词“人们”),World Wa
16、r II was, however, more complex than World War , which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 译文:第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突,而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。(非限制性定语从句前置) In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet,which for us is just darkness. 译文:在这样的实验中,能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线,而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。(非限制性定语从句后置,重复先行词),(3)融合法 融合法就是把限制性定语从句与主句融合成一句话。 There are many people who want to r