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1、专题十一 连词和状语从句,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点,连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。 1.并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为:表并列关系的连词(and,as well as,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.等)、表转折关系的连词(but,yet,however,while等)、表选择关系的连词(or,either.or.等)、表因果关系的连词(for,so等)。 (2015江苏)It is so cold that you can
2、t go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes. 天如此冷,你不能外出,除非你全身穿上厚衣服。,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,(2016浙江镇海中学高二期中考)Change those beliefs and a new pattern will be created. 改变这些信念,那么就会产生新的模式。 I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didnt want to spend all day with her. 再次见到珍妮我很高兴,但是我不想整天
3、和她在一起。 2.引导名词性从句或状语从句的从属连词主要有:that,whether,if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,though,although,so.that,where等。 (2014山东) I dont really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting. 我实在不喜欢这位作者,尽管我不得不承认他写的书很激动人心。,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,1.when,
4、while,as都可译为“当的时候”,但侧重点有所不同。 当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。 as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home. 我们一边走她一边唱,她唱的时候我认真地听,到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,2.until 和not.u
5、ntil until 要与延续性动词连用;not.until 要与非延续性动词连用。 (2016浙江镇海中学高二期中考)Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816,but it was not published until after her death. Jane在1816年完成了她最后一部小说劝导,但是这本书在她去世后才出版。 3.since意为“自从以来”,其后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了。) It is
6、two years since he smoked.(他戒烟两年了。),-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,4.特殊的时间状语从句的引导词 the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.等以及表示瞬间的directly,immediately等词,表示“一就”,相当于as soon as。no sooner.than.,hardly.when.结构中no sooner和hardly引导的句子通常用过去完成时,而than和when引导的句子通常要用一般过
7、去时;此外,no sooner和hardly位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序。 Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom. 你一见到汤姆就告诉他这个消息吧。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。,-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,5.by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句,意为“到时为止”,主句一般用完成时。 By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced
8、mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时) 到十四岁的时候,爱因斯坦已经自学完高等数学了。 6.几组固定形式 (1)It will be+一段时间+before.多久之后才 (2)It is+一段时间+since.自从以来已有多长时间了。 (3)be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;on the point of doing.when.正在/要做这时,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,It will be two days before he returns. 要
9、过两天他才回来。 It is three years since I came here. 我来这里三年了。 I was doing my homework when my cousin came. 我正在做作业,这时候我表弟来了。 I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去,这时电话响了。,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,常用句型: so+形容词/副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 so+many/muc
10、h/little/few+名词+that从句 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 (2016北京)Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. Natalie原来的学校受损那么严重,以至于她不得不暂时在Brooklyn的一个学校读书。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk. 天气这么好,以至于我们都想出去
11、散步。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,1.because为常用词,其语气最重,且说明的是直接原因,用来回答why引导的问句。 2.as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然,鉴于”时不可用as替换。 (2013山东) Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing. 马克有必要学习汉语了,因为他的公司正在北京开设分支机构。 As its raining,youd better
12、take a taxi. 下雨了,你最好坐出租车。 Since everybody is here,lets begin. 既然大家都在,那我们就开始吧。,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,引导让步状语从句的连词有:though,although,while,even if/though,however,no matter how,no matter what,no matter who等。 1.though,although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用,但可以同yet(still)连用。 (2013天津)Although/Though
13、small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管这个公司很小,但它在30多个国家里有大约1000个购买者。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,2.while引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管,虽然”,多用于句首。 (2016四川)While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now,taking melatonin drugs ha
14、s been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. 虽然迄今为止,在不同时段挤出的牛奶对人类的影响还没有得到检测,但那些晚上难以入睡的人仍被建议服用褪黑激素药品。 3.as/though引导让步从句时,从句要采用倒装语序。 Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. 他尽管是个孩子,但他知道怎样做是正确的。 Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field. 他虽然年轻,但在这个
15、领域是专家。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,4.whether.or not意为“无论(是否)”。 Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你信不信,这是真的。 5.however+形容词/副词=no matter how+形容词/副词.,意为“无论多么”。 (2013辽宁)One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life. 一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情,不管在生活中时间表安排
16、得有多满。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,6.wh-ever等一系列连词既可引导让步状语从句相当于no matter wh-,也可引导名词性从句。 No matter what happened,he would not mind.=Whatever happened,he would not mind. 不管发生什么,他都不介意。,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点九,条件状语从句通常分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有:if,unless/if.not,as long as/so long as,as far as/so far as,provided/providing(that),on condition that等。 1.条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去时,则为虚拟条件句,那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。 If he had li
