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1、专题一 阅读理解,阅读理解篇,部分,讲 细节理解类,题 型 特 点,一、细节理解题常见设问方式 细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息。常见的命题方式有： 1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。 2判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。 3以“According to.”开头的提问形式。 4填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers
2、is from _. 此类题目相对简单，只要考生认真并且细心，得分就会比较容易。,二、细节理解题正确选项的特征 1同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose ones job换成了be out of work。有时候词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。 2语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 3正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。,解 题 流 程,细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则“本本主义”，一切从原文出发
3、，无需读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。 第一步 审读题干和选项，回到原文定信息区间 通过题干或选项中的关键词找到定位点，开始精读文章直到下一题的定位区域出现。只有两种情况需要向上找寻信息：定位到的信息为数字串，或举例说明部分；出现了逻辑关系词(therefore, so, as a result)或代词(that, these, it)。,第二步 将选项和原文一一对比，求同排异定答案 利用“同义原则”，找出原文中与正确选项匹配的同义词组，将原文出现的信息和选项进行比对，确定正确选项。做任何阅读理解题都不是找感觉，本质上是找同义词，解题时找出的同义词
4、组越多，答案就越准确，这是解答细节理解题的基本方法。,分 类 例 析,1直接信息题题干定位法,(2017全国，A片段) Pacific Science Center Guide Visit Pacific Science Centers Store Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) up
5、stairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. Hungry ? Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The caf is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacif
6、ic Science Center closes.,Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID require
7、d. Q：Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? AIn Building 1. BIn Building 3. CAt the Laser Dome. DAt the Denny Way entrance.,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键词 本题题干的关键词是：_ 第二步 根据关键词定位信息句 本题信息句是：_ _ 尝试解答：_,Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful
8、science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.,where; souvenir,B,干扰项分析 A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品，排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店紧挨着Laser Dome，而不是说在Laser Dome可以买纪念品，排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to
9、rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.”可知，在Denny Way的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅，而不能买纪念品，排除D项。,2.间接信息题断章取义法,(2016全国，A片段) Sandra Day OConnor (1930present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman
10、.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. ,Q：What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? AHer lack of proper training in law. B
11、Her little work experience in court. CThe discrimination against women. DThe poor financial conditions.,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键词 本题题干的关键词是：_ 第二步 根据关键词定位信息句 本题的信息句是：_ _ 第三步 对比信息句和选项，得出答案 根据信息句可知，OConnor找不到工作是因为她是一名女生。可见，这是由于当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的。 尝试解答：_,OConnor; the law firm,When Sandra Day OConnor finished third
12、 in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.,C,(2017天津，B片段) Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive tr
13、ees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.,Q：What
14、happened when the author was about to take a photo? AHer camera stopped working. BA woman blocked her view. CSomeone asked her to leave. DA friend approached from behind.,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键词 本题题干中的关键词是：_ 第二步 根据关键词定位信息句 本题的信息句是：_ _ 第三步 对比信息句和选项，得出答案 根据信息句可知，就在“我”拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走过来，正好停在“我”的视线前面，即“我”的视线被挡住(blocked)了。 尝试解答：_,what happened; was about to take a photo,Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.,B,干扰项分析 A项无中生有，文章并没有提及作者的
