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1、必修i 化学反应及离子反应（Required I chemical reactions and ion reactions）Required I chemical reactions and ion reactionsEquation aggregationWritten by ShawThe reaction of sodium and its compounds1. The sodium block darkens in the air4NaO2 = 2Na2OSodium burns in the air (yellow flame)2NaO2 lit Na2O2Na2O heats u
2、p (yellow) in the air2Na2OO2 = 2Na2O22. Sodium reacts with water(floating, melting, swimming, ringing, red)2Na2H2O = = 2NaOHH22Na2H2O = = 2Na2OHH2Reaction of sodium with copper sulfate solution:2Na2H2O+CuSO4 = Cu (OH): 2 + H2 = +Na2SO4The reaction of sodium with ferric chloride solution:6Na6H2O+2FeC
3、l3 = 2Fe (OH) 3: 3H2 = +6NaCl3, the reaction between sodium peroxide and water2Na2O22H2O = = 4NaOHO22Na2O22H2O = = 4Na4OHO2(exothermic reaction, Na2O2 is a strong oxidant, used in bleaching)Reactions of alkaline oxide Na2O with waterNa2OH2O = 2NaOH4, can be used in sodium peroxide masks and submarin
4、es as oxygen source, the reason is:2Na2O22CO2 = 2Na2CO3O25, soda (soda ash) reacts with hydrochloric acidSodium chloride solution in hydrochloric acidNa2CO32HCl = = 2NaClH2OCO2CO322H = = H2OCO2Adding hydrochloric acid to excess in soda solutionNa2CO3HCl = NaHCO3NaClCO32H = HCO3NaHCO3HCl = = NaClH2OC
5、O2HCO3H = = H2OCO26, baking soda decomposition2NaHCO3 Na2CO3H2OCO2 heating up7. The mixture of solid sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate is heated in an airtight containerNaHCO3NaOH heating Na2CO3H2OHCO3OH = H2OCO32 (if the solution reaction ion equation)8, NaHCO3 reacted with Ca (OH) 2:Ion reac
6、tion equation of NaHCO3 deficiency:HCO3OH+Ca2+ = H2OCaCO3 downNaHCO3 excessive ion reaction equation2HCO32OH+Ca2+ = 2H2OCaCO3: + CO329. Reaction of calcium chloride with sodium carbonate solution:CO32+Ca2+: = CaCO310. Lithium metal burns in the air4LiO2 heating 2Li2O11. Ionization equation of sodium
7、 carbonateNa2CO3 = 2Na+ + CO32-Two. Reaction of magnesium, aluminium and their compounds1. aluminum foil burns violently in oxygen4Al3O2 lit 2Al2O32. aluminum plate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid2Al6HCl = = 2AlCl33H22Al6H = = 2Al33H23. aluminum reacts with sodium hydroxide solution2Al2NaOH2H2O
8、 = = 2NaAlO23H22Al2OH2H2O = = 2AlO23H2The reaction of 4. aluminum and ferric oxide under high temperature (thermite reaction)2AlFe2O3 high temperature 2FeAl2O35. alumina dissolved in hydrochloric acid solutionAl2O36HCl 2AlCl33H2OAl2O36H+ = 2Al+3H2OAluminum oxide dissolves in sodium hydroxide solutio
9、nAl2O32NaOH 2NaAlO2H2OAl2O32OH = 2AlO2H2O6. excessive ammonia water in aluminium sulfate solutionAl2 (SO4) 36NH3? H2O = 2Al (OH) 3 + 3 (NH4): 2SO4Al33NH3? H2O = Al (OH) 3: 3NH4Aluminum salts react with excess strong basesAl3+ + 4OH-, =AlO2- + 2H2O7. hydrochloric acid in aluminium hydroxide solutionA
10、l (OH) 33HCl = AlCl33H2OAl (OH) 33H = Al33H2OAl (OH) 3 reacts with NaOH solutionAl (OH) 3NaOH NaAlO22 H2OAl (OH) 3OH AlO22 = H2O8. The reaction of barium hydroxide with alum solutionThe ion reaction of the aluminum ion3Ba2+3SO42-+2Al3+6OH-=3BaSO4: +2Al (OH): 3Ion reactions that completely precipitat
11、e sulfate ions2Ba2+2SO42-+Al3+4OH-=2BaSO4: +AlO2-+2H2O9, aluminum hydroxide heating decomposition2Al (OH) 3 Al2O33H2O10, the reaction of carbon dioxide with sodium metaaluminateA small amount of carbon dioxide:2NaAlO23H2O+CO2= 2Al (OH) 3: +Na2CO32AlO2-3H2O+CO2= 2Al (OH) 3: +CO32-CO2 adequate respons
12、e:NaAlO2+2H2O+CO2=Al (OH) 3: +NaHCO3AlO2-2H2O+CO2= Al (OH) 3: +HCO3-11. magnesium burns in air:Magnesium reacts with oxygen in the air:2MgO2 lit 2MgOReaction of magnesium with carbon dioxide in air:2MgCO2 lit 2MgOCReaction of magnesium with nitrogen in air:3MgN2 lit Mg3N2Reaction of 12. magnesium wi
13、th hydrochloric acid:Mg2HCl = = MgCl2H2Mg2H = = Mg2H2Three. Reaction of iron, copper and their compounds1. Heating reaction of iron and sulfurFeS heating FeSIron heats up with oxygen3Fe2O2 heating Fe3O4Iron heats up in chlorine gas2Fe3Cl2 heating 2FeCl32. iron reacts with water at high temperature3F
14、e4H2O (g) high temperature Fe3O44H23. iron reacts with hydrochloric acidFe2HCl = = FeCl2H2Fe2H = = Fe2H24. iron reacts with copper sulphate solutionFe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + CuFe + Cu2+ = Fe2+ + Cu5., ferrous oxide dissolved in hydrochloric acidFeO2HCl = FeCl2H2OFeO2H = Fe2H2OIron oxide dissolves in hydrochloric acidFe2O36HCl = 2FeCl33H2OFe2O36H = 2Fe33H2OMagnetite is dissolved in hydrochloric acidFe3O48HCl = 2FeCl3FeCl2+4H2OFe3O48H 2Fe3Fe2+ = 4H2O6. ferric chloride is dripped into sodium hydroxide solution (reddish brown precipitate)FeCl33NaOH = Fe (OH) 3: 3NaClFe33OH = Fe (
