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1、以数据统计为主题的英语作文 thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentunits(statesandstatisticsefromthesamelatinrootstatus)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheodd
2、singamesofchance. theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensusesallofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.
3、 describingcollectionsinvolvestabulating,depictinganddescribingcollectionsofdata.thesedatamaybequantitativesuchasmeasuresofheight,intelligenceorgradelevelvariablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajororpersonalitytype. largemasses
4、ofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyareprehensible.descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtoprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata. inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatprese
5、ntgreatofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhoetoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever. havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild:theproportionforthesampleofasfewas100children.thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.