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1、Section Integrating Skills & Grammar(教材P64)Zheng He may_have_been the first foreigner to visit the Americas, probably between 1421 and 1423.郑和有可能是到过美洲的第一个外国人，时间大约在1421至1423年间。【要点提炼】情态动词动词完成式，表示对过去行为或动作的推测。不同的情态动词与行为动词搭配，其具体含义会有所不同。“情态动词have done”的结构must have done：推测某事必定已经发生，只用于肯定句，否定形式用cant have don
2、e。could have done：对已发生的事的可能性进行推测。还可以表示某事本来可能发生却未发生。cant/couldnt have done：表示某事不可能已经发生，couldnt have done语气更委婉。may/might have done：推测某事可能已经发生，might have done所表示的可能性更小。should/ought to have done：表示某事本该发生却未发生，含有责备、遗憾的意味。shouldnt/oughtnt to have done：表示某事本不应该发生却已经发生，含有责备的意味。need have done：表示过去有必要做却没有做，含有责
3、备的意味。neednt have done：表示做了不必要做的事。The light is on.Father must have come back.灯亮着，爸爸一定已经回来了。The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?字典不见了。会是谁拿了呢？I could have slept for long, but I didnt.我本来可以睡的时间长一点儿，但是我没有。She cant have gone to school.Its Sunday.她不可能去上学了。今天是星期天。Polly is very late.She ma
4、y have missed her train.波莉到现在还没有来。她可能是误了火车。She should have arrived here by now.她现在应该已经到这儿了才对啊。You oughtnt to have spoken to them in that way.你不应该以那种方式对他们讲话。You need have practiced your spoken English more often.你本来应该多练习英语口语的。There was plenty of time.She neednt have hurried.那会儿时间还很多，她没必要那样匆忙。完成句子在我父亲
5、的帮助下，我完成了我的家庭作业。With the help of my father, I finished my homework.哦，吉姆。你原本应该自己完成的。Oh, Jim.You_it yourself.你们听那个报告了吗？Did you listen to the report?没有。我们本来能够去参加的，但是在去的路上交通太堵了。No.We_the meeting, but we had a lot of traffic on our way there.【答案】should have donecould have attendedand/any/can/come/on/when
6、and1(用于连接单词或句子中并列的部分)和；又；与；而Sue and I left early.我和苏很早就离开了。Do it slowly and carefully.慢慢地，认真地做。2用于动词前代替to表目的Ill come and see you soon.我很快就会来看你。3然后，接着She came in and took her coat off.她进来后脱下了外衣。4(引出说话或提问)那么，于是We talked for hours.我们谈了好几个小时。And what did you decide?那么你们做出了什么决定？5(连接相同的词表示反复或连续)接连，又，愈来愈Th
7、e pain is getting worse and worse.疼痛越来越厉害了。He tried and tried but without success.他反复尝试，但没有成功。6(连接两个句子，后者表结果)那么Go straight and youll see a high building on your left.直走，你就会看见有一幢高楼在你左边。any1(与不可数名词或复数名词连用，用于否定句、疑问句以及if或whether之后)任何的，任一的Are there any stamps in the drawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？You cant go out without
8、 any shoes.你不能不穿鞋就出门。2(与单数可数名词连用)任一Take any book you like.喜欢哪本你就拿哪本。3代词(用于否定句、疑问句或if，whether之后)任何数量Please tell me how many are coming, if any.请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少。4(代词)任一，任何一些Which colour do you want？你想要哪种颜色？Any of them will do.随便哪种都行。5adv.(用于否定句、疑问句，加强形容词或副词的语气)一点也(不)，完全(不)，丝毫He wasnt any good at Fren
9、ch.他的法语糟透了。I cant run any faster.我不能跑得更快了。can1表能力，意为“能够”。He can swim three laps in the pool.他能在游泳池游三圈。2表许可(canmay，cantmustnt)You can have the book if you like it.如果你喜欢这本书，可以拿走。3表示推测，意为“可能”。指现在用“can原形”，指过去用“canhave done”。He can not have done such a thing.他不可能做这种事。习惯用语：can not butdo不得不I can not but ad
10、mire his courage.我不得不佩服他的勇气。can not helpdoing禁不住I can not help laughing.我禁不住大笑。come1来Here comes the bus! (The bus is coming！)公共汽车来了！2come (to)抵达(某地)，来到Your breakfast is coming soon.你的早餐很快就到。3come for/about/to do sth.来拿，来取，来做Ive come for my book.Ive come to get my book.我来拿我的书。4边边The children came run
11、ning into the room.孩子们跑着进屋来了。5(用于疑问句)怎么，为什么How come you are late? 你为什么迟到？6come to/into sth./ to do sth.达到/进入At last winter came to an end.冬天终于结束了。In time she came to love him.她终于爱上他了。on1表时间(用于星期、日期或特定的早上、晚上、上午、下午等)。on the evening of 11th在十一日的傍晚I will show you the book on my return.在我回来的时候，我会让你看那本书。o
12、n this occasion在此场合2表示地方或位置，意为“在上面”。There is a map hanging on the wall.有一幅地图挂在墙上。3表示在江、河、湖、海之滨。London is on the Thames.伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。4表示“关于、论及”，等同于about，concerning。He has written a lot of books on the history of China.他写了很多有关中国历史的书。5表示“为的一分子”，相当于as a member of。 Who is on the committee? 谁在此委员会中？6表示“支撑，依靠
13、，以为生”，可换用upon。Man goes on two legs, brutes on four.人类走路靠两脚，兽靠四足。That depends on circumstances.那要视情形而定。depend on/count on/rely on依靠7在状态或情况中on fire/on show/on leave在着火/在上演/在休假when1adv.(疑问句中)什么时候When did you last see him?你最后一次见他是什么时候？2(作关系副词时，用于所表达的时间之后)在那时Sunday is the only day when I can relax.星期日是我唯
14、一可以休息的日子。3pron.何时Until when can you stay？你可以待到什么时候？4adv.当时The last time I went to Scotland was in May, when the weather was beautiful.上次我去苏格兰是在五月份，当时天气很好。5conj.当时I loved history when I was at school.当我在学校读书时，我喜欢历史。6conj.就在时候I was about to go when the phone rang.我正要走，就在这个时候电话响了。7conj.虽然，然而She claimed to be 18，when I know shes only 16.虽然她声称有18岁，但我知道她只有16岁。.根据括号内的提示用come短语的适当形式完成句子1We are going to buy a house only if the prices of the houses_(降低)2_(加油)，guys, you can do it!3It suddenly_(想到) her that she had been wrong all along.4I will let you know if anything_(发生) at the meeting.5I_
