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1、 Vol.13, No.1 2002 Journal of Software 软 件 学 报 1000-9825/2002/13(01)0008-07 Managing Method of Spatial Data in Relational Database Management Systems ZHU Tie-wen1,2, ZHONG Zhi-nong1, JING Ning1 1(School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073
2、, China); 2(The First Aeronautical Institute of Air Force, Zhengzhou 464000, China) E-mail: http:/ Received March 6, 2001; accepted July 12, 2001 Abstract: Today, data are stored in and managed by a DBMS(database management system). Relational database is the current database technique to solve the
3、 problem in the flat-file and hierarchical database model. In the application of GIS(geographical information system), it recurs to a mechanism i.e. so-called Spatial Database for arranging, analyzing and viewing spatial data. Because spatial database contains many different data formats and structu
4、res, these complex data lead to that spatial data manipulation and process may be very complex and difficult and tend to make mistakes. In this paper, we advise a new method by using relational database to manipulate spatial data. The scheme is to introduce the concept of RSDD (i.e., Regularly Spati
5、al Discrete Domains), then define concepts about RPO (i.e., RSDD_based Primary Object) and RO (i.e., RSDD_based Object). The concept of RSDD can solve the conflict between the infinite precision real numbers of spatial object and the finite precision number systems of computers. Key words: relationa
6、l database; spatial database; RSDD; GIS Geographical information systems (GISs) support applications that manipulate geographical data (or spatial data), such as urban planning, traffic control or natural resources management. Among the main issues in GIS design are the management of large amounts o
7、f data and the coexistence of two kinds of data: alphanumerical data and spatial data (geometry and topology). In addition, spatial data typically has extremely complex and variable structure, and it must be manipulated by specific operations. GIS is primarily associated with spatial data, and there
8、fore a large amount of the research effort in databases for GIS is related to spatial structures and access methods14. But, there is no consensuses on which are the appropriate methods to implement them into a DBMS. Today, data are stored in and managed via a Database Management System (DBMS)5,6. Re
9、lational database7 is the current database technique to solve the problem in the flat-file and hierarchical database model. Relational DBMS (RDBMS) probably has the simplest structure a database can have. Data is organized in tables and tables contain records that consist of fields. GIS recurs to a
10、mechanism, i.e., so-called Spatial Database, for aiming at storing, retrieving, manipulating, querying, and analyzing Supported by the Young Faculty Research Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (国家教育部优秀年轻教师基金 ) ZHU Tie-wen was born in 1962. He is a vice-professor and Ph.D. candidate at the
11、School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defence Technology. His research interests are geographical information system and database technique. ZHONG Zhi-nong was born in 1975. He is a Ph.D. candidate at the School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National Universit
12、y of Defence Technology. His research interests are GIS and database. JING Ning was born in 1963. He is a professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Electrical Science and Engineering, National University of Defence Technology. His current research areas are GIS, database systems, GIS/Databa
13、se applications for Internet information services. 朱铁稳 等 :基于关系数据库系统的空间数据处理方法 9 spatial data. Spatial data are any data whose the underlying frame of reference is the Earths surface, such as point, line, surface, and solid. In the spatial database, a fundamental idea is how to represent geometry. But
14、 spatial database contains many different data formats and structures. These complex data lead to the fragmental data structures and loose relationships among themselves. Spatial data manipulation and process may be very complex and difficult and tend to make mistakes. We attempt to manipulate the R
15、SDD-based data types which we defined using relational database. This method can employ the mature technology of relational database to solve the complex problem of spatial database. This paper is organized as follows. In section 1, we briefly explain major concepts about GIS data structures. We int
16、roduce the RSDD-based spatial data type in section 2. Section 3 expresses the idea of using relational database to manipulate spatial data. Finally, we present our conclusions in section 4. 1 Spatial Data Type and Structure The design of spatial data types and structures should be based on an understanding of the properties of spatial data in order to accommodate the design process as close as possible to the nature of spatial phenomen
