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1、物流专业英语教程 Unit 4 How supply chains work 供应链的工作原理,Key to the exercises 练习答案,1. Answer the following questions in English:,1. What are the three flows in SCM? SCM can be divided into three main flows: The product flow or materials flow includes moving goods from supplier to consumer as well as dealing
2、with customer service needs. The information flow includes order information and delivery status. The financial flow includes payments schedules, credit terms and additional arrangements.,2. What is the Bullwhip Effect? The bullwhip effect (or whiplash effect) is an observed phenomenon in forecast-d
3、riven distribution channels. It refers to a trend of larger and larger swings in inventory in response to changes in demand. The concept first appeared in Jay Forresters Industrial Dynamics (1961) and thus it is also known as the Forrester effect. Since the oscillating demand upstream a supply chain
4、 is reminiscent of a cracking whip, it became known as the bullwhip effect.,3. What is the MTO system? The make-to-order （MTO）system, also known as the pull system, means that the manufacturer does not begin to make the product until or unless after it receives the order from the customer. MTO is an
5、 order-driven supply chain model in which, the manufacturer does not hold inventories in usual cases.,4. What is the MTS system? As opposed to MTO, the make-to-stock (MTS) system, or push system, is a supply chain model in which the manufacturer makes the production and distribution decisions on the
6、 basis of market forecasts. Production planners forecast and estimate the effective demand and inventories are held in warehouses and at the retailers. MTS is a forecast-driven supply chain model.,5. What is VMI? In recent years, there has been a growth in VMI (vendor-managed inventory), in which ve
7、ndors monitor customer sales (or consumption) and inventories through electronic data interchange (EDI), and decide when and how to replenish their customers. Vendors are thus able to achieve cost savings through a better coordination of customer deliveries while customers do not need to allocate co
8、stly resources to inventory management.,6. What are forward logistics and reverse logistics? Forward logistics is a supply chain process in which the product travels from manufacturer to customer via distributors, retailers etc. However, there are cases where goods need to be returned and make a rev
9、erse travel from customer to the manufacturer. This is called reverse logistics.,7. What are inbound, intra-org and outbound logistics? The supply of materials to the manufacturing process is inbound logistics. Movement of materials within the plant as in packing and storage processes is internal or
10、 intra-org logistics. The onward movement of materials (or finished products) to the next node (distributors or customers) in the supply chain is outbound logistics.,2. Put the following words or phrases into Chinese:,integration, coordination and control financial flow payments schedules credit ter
11、ms bullwhip effect distribution channels swings in inventory oscillating demand misread or miscalculate order batching recession make-to-order （MTO）system,整合、协调及控制 资金流，金流 付款安排时间表 赊账条款 牛鞭效应 流通渠道 存货量的摇摆 震荡的需求量 误读或误算 订单计量 萧条，不景气 订货型生产系统，按订单生产系统,13. make-to-stock (MTS) system 14. an order-driven supply
12、chain model 15. market forecasts 16. forecast-driven supply chain model,13. 备货型生产系统，按库存生产系统 14. 订单驱动式供应链模型 15. 市场预测 16. 预测驱动型供应链模型,3. Put the following words or phrases into English:,最小化库存量 广泛的销售网络 监控存货量 下订购单 供应商管理库存 电子数据交换网 给客户进货 取得成本节约 把昂贵的资源分配给存货管理 正向物流 逆向物流 商品的逆向流转,minimize the stock levels an e
13、xtensive sales network monitor the inventory levels place purchase orders VMI-vendor-managed inventory EDI-electronic data interchange replenish the customers achieve cost savings allocate costly resources to inventory management forward logistics reverse logistics reverse movement of goods,13. 在缺陷商
14、品，问题商品 14. 再利用或回收 15. 未交付或无法交付的商品 16. 内向物流 17. 内部或公司内物流 18. 外向物流,13. faulty goods 14. reuse or recycling 15. undelivered or undeliverable goods 16. inbound logistics 17. internal or intra-org logistics 18. outbound logistics,4. Subject for self-study: a procurement chart,A procurement chart:,A procurement chart: 材料供应图,The End,
