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1、实验需求及应用环境：1在R5上执行双向重发布，再在R3上执行双向重发布2分析次佳路由产生的原因，及解决方案3.要求R4去往1.1.1.1能够负载均衡，如何实现？4.要求R4去往11.11.11.11的下一跳首先R3,R5做备份，如何解决？实验调试过程：R1配置：router rip/配置RIPversion 2passive-interface defaultno passive-interface Ethernet0/0network 1.0.0.0network 11.0.0.0network 192.168.12.0no auto-summaryR2配置：router rip/配置RIP
2、version 2passive-interface defaultno passive-interface Ethernet0/0no passive-interface Serial1/0no passive-interface Serial1/1network 2.0.0.0network 192.168.12.0network 192.168.23.0network 192.168.25.0no auto-summaryR3配置：router ospf 1/配置OSPFrouter-id 3.3.3.3redistribute rip metric 1000 metric-type 1
3、 subnets tag 3 route-map 11/重发布配置ROUTE-MPA的RIP到OSPF中，并打上标记3passive-interface defaultno passive-interface Serial1/1network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0distance ospf external 170/配置OSPF外部区域的管理距离为170router rip/配置RIPversion 2redistribute ospf 1 metric 5/重发布OSPF到RIP中passive
4、-interface defaultno passive-interface Serial1/0network 192.168.23.0no auto-summaryaccess-list 10 permit 11.11.11.11/定义感兴趣流route-map 11 permit 10/创建ROUTE-MAPmatch ip address 10/匹配流量set metric 500/设定开销为500route-map 3 deny 10/过滤匹配流量match tag 5/匹配打标记的流量route-map 3 permit 20/允许其它所有流量通过R4配置：router ospf 1
5、/配置OSPFrouter-id 4.4.4.4passive-interface defaultno passive-interface Serial1/0no passive-interface Serial1/1network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 0network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R5配置：router ospf 1/配置OSPFrouter-id 5.5.5.5redistribute rip metric 1000 metric-type 1 su
6、bnets tag 5/重发布RIP到OSPF中，并打上标记3 passive-interface defaultno passive-interface Serial1/0network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 area 0network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 area 0distance ospf external 170/配置OSPF外部区域的管理距离为170router rip/配置RIPversion 2redistribute ospf 1 metric 5/重分布OSPF到RIPpassive-interface defaultno passive
7、-interface Serial1/1network 192.168.25.0no auto-summaryroute-map 5 deny 10/过滤匹配流量match tag 3/匹配打标记的流量route-map 5 permit 20/允许其它所有流量通过实验结果分析：R5的路由表：R 192.168.12.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.25.1, 00:00:12, Serial1/1 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 1.1.1.1 120/2 via 192.168.25.1, 00:00:12, Serial1/1 3.0
8、.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/129 via 192.168.45.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/0C 192.168.45.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 4.4.4.4 110/65 via 192.168.45.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/0 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted,
9、 1 subnetsC 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0O E1 192.168.23.0/24 110/1128 via 192.168.45.2, 00:00:28, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsR 11.11.11.11 120/2 via 192.168.25.1, 00:00:12, Serial1/1O 192.168.34.0/24 110/128 via 192.168.45.2, 00:00:29, Serial1/0R3的路由表：O E1 192.168.12.0/
10、24 110/1128 via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 1.1.1.1 110/1128 via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0O 192.168.45.0/24 110/128 via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1O E1 192.168.25.0
11、/24 110/1128 via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 4.4.4.4 110/65 via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1 5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 5.5.5.5 110/129 via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 11.0.0.0/32 is subne
12、tted, 1 subnetsO E1 11.11.11.11 110/1128 via 192.168.34.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1C 192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1在上面的路由表中，R5、R3的部分路由出现了次佳路由，R3去往外部的非直连路由都将下一跳交给了R,显然不是最佳路由，为什么会出现次佳路由及解决方法，我们一起来分析一下：路由表中出现的O E1路由显然是通过OSPF学习到的，我们查看一下OSPFLSDB Type-5 AS External Link StatesLink ID ADV Rout
13、er Age Seq# Checksum Tag1.1.1.1 5.5.5.5 499 0x80000001 0x000B26 011.11.11.11 5.5.5.5 499 0x80000001 0x003DCB 0192.168.12.0 5.5.5.5 499 0x80000003 0x00FEBE 0192.168.23.0 3.3.3.3 484 0x80000001 0x00C5F6 0192.168.25.0 5.5.5.5 499 0x80000003 0x006F41 0显然都是R5通告过来的路由我们看一下R4的路由表和LSDB：O E1 192.168.12.0/24 1
14、10/1064 via 192.168.45.1, 00:10:11, Serial1/1 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO E1 1.1.1.1 110/1064 via 192.168.45.1, 00:10:11, Serial1/1 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 3.3.3.3 110/65 via 192.168.34.1, 00:10:11, Serial1/0O E1 192.168.25.0/24 110/1064 via 192.168.45.1, 00:10:11, Serial1/1 5.0.0.
