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1、 中考文章摘录要点专题讲解一、考题要求：第二节 摘录要点 ( 5小题， 计10分)阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。二、样题研究：2014长沙摘录要点样题是一篇150个词的文章，它由两部分组成，一是所需阅读的文章一篇，二是根据该文章所设计的图表，其题材为说明文，图表是文章的结构图，它反映了文章本身的逻辑思路，也是反映命题人的设题思路。图表共5个空格，其答题信息均可直接从原文中找到。 三、对考生要求：尽管样题的答题信息均可从原文中直接找到，但为了使考生万无一失，以不变应万变，我们还是对考生相关能力提出了更高要求。1.阅读理解能力。对文章的整体把握，领略大意。对文章的结
2、构和层次把握，弄清局部和整体的关系。对文章局部的透彻理解，提取有用信息。 2.对图表的识读能力。考生要迅速把握图表的结构分布层次，命题人的出题角度，哪个空是考察细节，哪个空考察结论，哪个空考察标题。 3.分析、概括、推断能力。图表试题中有的可以直接从原文中提取到，有的则需要对原文信息进行再加工处理，得到原文相一致的文外词汇。 4.正确书写能力。这就需要考生具有一定的词汇储备，而且能够认识句子结构和句子成分，根据句子结构和成分来判断所填词的词性。当然，考生也应该具有构词法的知识。例如，词性转换，形容词、副词的比较级、最高级，名词的复数形式等。此外，还有提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语
3、篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。 四、解题步骤 ： 第一步，浏览图表。划分板块，标题块、结论块、主题块、细节块。标题块和结论块里的空放在最后做，然后按主题块次序先做细节空，再做主题空。 第二步，快速略读全文，把主题块和相应的段落对应起来。 第三步，在图表中领任务，第一主题块对应的细节中的空，带上任务精读相应的段落细节，提取信息，填空完成试题。然后完成主题块，最后完成标题块。 五、题目的设置类型及答题策略1.信息捕捉题(文中原词) 要求学生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词来填空。例如：样题中第58题可从原文第一句It lies in Taoyuan County and
4、is 23 km away from Changde.直接得出。样题中第59题可从第一段最后一句The tour area today is made up of four partsthe Taohua Mountain, the Taohualing Hill, the Taoyuan Mountain and the Qinren Village.直接得出。2.同义转换题灵活考查学生在知识重组基础上，运用多中表达方式表意的能力，突显遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定不超过3个词的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中
5、找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行加工转换。2014长沙中考样题56题所给答案（56. Places of interest / Scenic spots / Scenic area / Attractive places）就充分的体现了这一点。3.信息综合题(综合概括题) 要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行(栏)的标题，考查学生概括与推断的能力，归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。例如样题的第57. Changde Poem Wall 常见英语摘录要点概括性词汇： 标题title 主题topic 原
6、因cause/reason 结果result 措施/步骤measure/step 方法solution/way/manner/method 态度attitude 趋势tendency 结论conclusion 建议suggestion/tip/advice 要求requirement/demand 问题problem 观点opinion/view/idea 意义significance目的/目标 purpose/aim/goal 影响effect/influence定义definition 来源source 数量quantity 质量quality 优劣advantage/disadvanta
7、ge 特色.特征feature 人物/角色character. 类型type/kind/sort 情节plot 内容content 行为behavior 重要性importance 必要性necessity/must 情感feeling/emotion 异同difference/similarity 外表appearance 信息information 人口population 贡献contribution 想象力imagination 创造力creativity 概括、总结summary 要点、提纲outline 其它time/place/situation/condition六、专题训练
8、第一组（1）阅读下面的材料，然后在表格中完成内容摘要，每空不超过三个单词。It lies in Taoyuan County and is 23 km away from Changde. The temples here were built in the 10th century. During the reign (统治) of Guangxu (1875-1908) of the Qing Dynasty, a scenic spot (景点) appeared according to the article“On the Land of Peach（桃）Flowers”writte
9、n by Tao Yuanming, a famous writer of the Jin Dynasty. The tour area today is made up of four partsthe Taohua Mountain, the Taohualing Hill, the Taoyuan Mountain and the Qinren Village. Changde Poem WallChangde Poem Wall is a 3-kilometer-long riverbank alongside the Yuanjiang River, which is engrave
10、d (雕刻) with poems, handwriting and painting and it is listed as the longest wall with engraved arts in Guinness Record. TaohuayuanTitle（标题）: 56 in ChangdeNameLocation (位置)Features (特色)Taohuayuanin Taoyuan Countythe Taohua Mountain 59 58 away from Changdethe Taoyuan Mountainthe Qinren Village 57 alon
11、gside the Yuanjiang Riverpoemshandwriting 60 （2） A recent report from Zhuzhou Daily says about 18% of Zhuzhou teenagers can have problems with their minds（内心，精神）. Some students become worried because they have to study very hard. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and
12、 classmates. Zhang Qiang, a Junior 2 student from Zhuzhou , could not understand his teachers in class and was doing badly in his lessons. He was afraid of exams. When he looked at the exam paper, he couldnt think of anything to write. Another student, a 15-year-old girl called Wu Yan often argued w
13、ith her classmates even her parents because of some different ideas. She became so annoyed about them that she started to cut her finger with a knife. However, many students who have problems wont go for advice or help. Some think they will look stupid（愚蠢的）if they go to see a doctor. Others dont wan
14、t to talk about their secrets. In order to solve the teenagers problems, here is some advice : Talk to your parents or teachers often. Take part in group activities and play sports. Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell. Title: Teenagers problems with _Problems Examples Zhang Qiang1.Not u
15、nderstanding his teachers and _in his study2.Being afraid of examsWu YanArgued with her classmates even her parents because of_._Talking to your parents or teachers often. _ group activities and play sports. Going to see a doctor if you feel unhappy or unwell. （3） In most Chinese tea villages, March is the time of year in which locals star
