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1、 宾语从句 一、考点解读所谓宾语从句，就是一个句子在句子中作宾语成分，主要复习以下的内容：1陈述句作宾语从句2一般疑问句作宾语从句3特殊疑问句作宾语从句二、专题梳理1陈述句做宾语从句陈述句包括肯定句和否定句。我们先复习陈述句作宾语从句时的三大方面的问题。（一）连接词，陈述句作宾语从句时，用连接词that，通常that可以省略。e.g.I think (that) English is difficult to learn. 我认为英语难学。但在有些动词后连接词that不能省略，在初中阶段我们学过的动词有learn, sugget, explain, agree, wonder, feel, m
2、ean。e.g.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about the grammar. 然而，他继续解释说他对语法还没有把握。（二）语序，宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，而陈述句就是陈述句的语序，所以不必作任何改动。（三）时态。在带有宾语从句的句子中，主句和从句的谓语动词在时态上是互有联系的，具体说来有三条。（1）当主句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常不受主句的限制，即从句的时间是什么，从句的谓语动词就用什么形式。e.g.She says (that) she likes English.
3、她说她喜欢英语。She says (that) she liked English three years ago. 她说她三年以前喜欢英语。She says (that) she will like English next term. 她说下个学期她会喜欢英语的。（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候，从句的谓语动词通常要和主句保持一致，要用过去了的某种时态。我们来做一些练习。She said. She likes English. She said (that) she liked English.She said. She liked English three years ago.
4、She said (that) she liked English three years ago.She said. She will like English. She said (that) she would like English next term.She said. They are swimming. She said (that) they were swimming. 她说他们在游泳。She said. The girl has been there. She said (that) the girl had been there.她说那个女孩去过那里。（3）当主句的谓语
5、动词用的是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，从句的谓语动词不受主句的限制，通常用一般现在时。e.g.The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 妈妈告诉我患难见真情。2一般疑问句作宾语从句一般疑问句作宾语从句也有三大方面需要掌握。（一）连接词。一般疑问句作宾语从句时用连接词if或whether，if和whether的中文意思是“是否”，在句子中不能省略。我们来看几个句子。e.g.
6、Do you know？ Does he study English？Do you know if (whether) he studies English？ 你知道他是否学习英语吗？He asks. Are you a teacher？ He asks if (whether) you are a teacher. 他问你是否是老师。注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句时，if和whether这两个连接词在大部分情况下是可以通用的。但是有时候有些词后或搭配中通常用whether，不用if。下面我们来看一下if和whether的用法区别。（1）if/ whether在作“是否”讲时引导的宾语从句常放在动
7、词know, ask, care, wonder, find out等之后。e.g.Ill try to find out if/whether the machine is in good condition.我将尽量查出这台机器是否正常。Were having a discussion whether well go on the trip or not.我们正在讨论是否去旅行。（2）少数动词如leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether引导。e.g.I put it to you whether we should start earlier. 请您
8、考虑一下我们能否早点出发。I doubt whether theyll keep their word. 我怀疑他们能否守约。Were now discussing whether we should group these three companies.我们现在正讨论是否应该兼并这三个公司。（3）whether后可与or not直接连用，但if不可以。e.g.I dont care whether/if the work will take long or not.这项工作花时间长短我不在乎。I wonder whether or not we should make it clear t
9、hat weve lost this game.我不知道我们是否应该说明我们已经输了这一场比赛。（4）与不定式连用只能用whether。e.g.I am just wondering whether to stay for another hour or just start off right away.我不知道是再等一个小时还是现在就开始。（5）有时为避免歧义，常用whether引导宾语从句，而不用if。e.g.Let me know whether you can come. 告诉我，你是否能来。如果改成Let me know if you can come.就有两种译句。“告诉我你是否
10、能来。”“如果你能来就告诉我。”（6）在介词后通常用whether，不用if。e.g. Im thinking about whether they know the answer. 我在想他们是否知道答案。I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.（介词后一般不用if）我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。（7）whether引导的宾语从句可置于句首。e.g.Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I dont care.他们能否参加冬令营，我不在乎。（二）语序。要用陈述句的语序，我们来
11、看例句。e.g.He asks. Do you like sports？He asks if you like sports. 他问你是否喜欢运动。She asks. Does the boy wash clothes？She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes. 她问那个男孩是否洗衣服。I wonder. Did you go there？I wonder if (whether) you went there. 我想知道你是否去那里了。She asks. Are they listening to the teacher？She asks if
12、 (whether) they are listening to the teacher？她问他们是否在听老师讲课。He wants to know. Will they have classes tomorrow？He wants to know if (whether) they will have class tomorrow.他想知道他们明天是否上课。注意：一般疑问句作宾语从句改为陈述句的语序时，动词的变化如下：do去掉后面的动词不变。does去掉后面的动词加s或es。did去掉后面的动词变为过去式。will, is, am, are, can, may, must, should,
13、have, has, had等助动词放到主语之后。（三）时态。时态的变化与陈述句作宾语从句相同，即：（1）主现从不限（主句用一般现在时，从句不限制用什么时态）。（2）主过从过（主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去了的某种时态）。（3）客观真理不遵循主过，从过。3特殊疑问句作宾语从句（一）连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词，疑问词就是连接词，并且不能省略。e.g.I ask. What are you doing now？I ask what you are doing now. 我问你现在在干什么？（二）语序。用陈述句的语序，与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同，为什么说基本相同呢？这是因为
14、特殊疑问句有两种语序。（1）疑问词一般疑问句。Do you know？ Who does he often go there with？Do you know who he often goes there with？ 你知道他经常和谁一起去那儿吗？I dont know. Whom should you depend on？I dont know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁。This book will show you. What do the best CEOs know？This book will show you what the be
15、st CEOs know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁了解些什么。He didnt tell me. When will we meet again？He didnt tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。Could you please show me？ How do you use your new cellphone？Could you please show me how you use your new cellphone？你能否给我展示一下你如何使用你的新机器？None of us knows. Where can these new parts be bought？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我们中没人知道在哪里可以买到这些新零件。I ask you. Where are you from？I ask you where you are from？ 我问你来自哪里。（2）
