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1、HotEssay论文网（）-专业paper写作,report写作辅导中心美国paper写作-美国田径运动的管理Track and field is the foundation of all sports, and it is also the event that has produced the most gold MEDALS in all previous Olympic Games. The modern summer Olympics actually took place 26 times from 1896 to 2008. The United States particip
2、ated in all but the 22nd, held in Moscow in 1980. In the track and field competitions of these 25 Olympic Games, the United States has won a total of 312 gold MEDALS and 736 MEDALS, with an average of 12.5 gold MEDALS and 29.4 MEDALS in each Olympic Games, leading the world in absolute terms. At the
3、 2004 Athens Olympics and the 2008 Beijing Olympics, the U.S. track and field team topped the MEDALS table despite a strong challenge from the tiny central American nation of Jamaica, which dropped from 10 to 13 golds in previous games to eight and seven respectively. In the current 47 Olympic track
4、 and field events, the United States still holds the mens 400 m, 400 m hurdles, 4 400 m relay, long jump, shot put and womens 100 m, 200 m, heptathlon and other eight world records, indicating that its overall track and field strength is still very strong.田径运动是一切体育运动的基础，也是历届奥运会产生金牌最多的项目。现代夏季奥运会实际上从1
5、896年到2008年举行了26次。美国参加了1980年在莫斯科举行的第22届会议。在这25届奥运会的田径比赛中，美国共获得312枚金牌和736枚奖牌，每届奥运会平均获得12.5枚金牌和29.4枚奖牌，绝对领先世界。在2004年雅典奥运会和2008年北京奥运会上，美国田径队在奖牌榜上名列前茅，尽管来自中美洲小国牙买加的强劲挑战，该国的金牌数从前几届奥运会的10枚降至13枚，分别降至8枚和7枚。在目前47个奥运会田径项目中，美国仍然保持着男子400米、400米栏、4400米接力、跳远、铅球和女子100米、200米、七项全能等8项世界纪录，说明其田径整体实力依然十分强大。Chinas track a
6、nd field foundation is very weak, the competitive level and the national competitive sports overall strength status in the world is not commensurate, and the United States as the world track and field kingdom, in the management of competition training must have its unique. I know I can handle other
7、things. To explore and reveal the secret of American track and fields long-term dominance in the world from the perspective of management is undoubtedly of reference value for the development of Chinese track and field.我国田径基础十分薄弱，竞技水平与全国竞技体育综合实力在世界上的地位不相称，而美国作为世界“田径王国”，在竞技训练管理上必然有其独特之处。我知道我可以处理其他事情。
8、从管理学的角度探索和揭示美国田径在世界上长期占据主导地位的秘密，对中国田径的发展无疑具有借鉴价值。The American amateur sports federation was founded in 1887. Since then, the AAU has had a 92-year history of governing sports in the United States. In 1978, the amateur sports act of the United States ruled that individual sports could have separate g
9、overning bodies. 1979 the first annual meeting of the U.S. athletic council was held in Las Vegas. In 1980, the TAC began to exercise separate management rights over U.S. track and field. In 1992,TAC changed its name to the American athletic association and was headquartered in Indianapolis, indiana
10、.美国业余体育联合会成立于1887年。从那时起，aau在美国有92年的体育管理历史。1978年，美国业余体育法规定，个人体育可以有单独的管理机构。1979年美国体育理事会第一届年会在拉斯维加斯举行。1980年，田协开始对美国田径运动行使单独的管理权。1992年，tac更名为美国田径协会，总部设在印第安纳州的印第安纳波利斯。In May 2008, in view of the United States had organization is too large and complex mixed noise and sound, the United States sports suprem
11、e leadership body, the United States Olympic committee for its proposed wording stern warning and requires rectification within a time limit, otherwise will be taken to cut off from the $2 million aid until cancelled had on American track and field management and a series of punishment. The associat
12、ion responded quickly and overhauled its organization after the Beijing Olympics. In February 2009, the association reduced its top leadership from five to three, its board of directors from 31 to 15, and its subordinate departments and committees were adjusted and downsized. At present, the functio
13、nal departments located in the headquarters of iaaf include the basic department, high-level department, elite athletes department, career development and accounting department, communications department, event reporting department, Marketing Department and other seven departments. There are 4 compe
14、tition departments and 1 committee in many other cities: high-level competition department, including 7 committees of mens track and field, womens track and field, race walking, coach training, mens development, womens development, sports medicine and science; The long-distance running competition d
15、epartment has 6 committees, including mens long-distance running, womens long-distance running, master long-distance running, cross-country running, road running, mountain running/ultra-long-distance running/tracking running, etc.; General competition department, responsible for the organization of
16、master track and field competitions; Youth competition division; The administrative committee is responsible for the consultation and management of athletes, coaches, referees, disabled athletes, regulations and legislation, member services, rules, records and other 8 aspects.2008年5月,鉴于美国组织太大而复杂的混合噪音和声音,美国体育最高领导机构,美国奥林匹克委员会提出了措辞严厉的警告和要求限期整改,否则将被切断的200万美元援助,直到取消对美国田径管理和一系列的惩罚。北京奥运会之后，该协会迅速做出了反应，并对组织机构进行了全面改革。2009年2月，协会将高层领导从5人减少到3人，董事会从31人减少
