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1、初中英语从句讲解宾语从句一定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.二宾语从句的特点： 1.宾语从句有自己的连接词2.宾语从句用陈述语序 3.宾语从句的时态三.类型宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样，也有三种类型： 1由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Cant you see (that) Im a bird?注
2、意：1）当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I dont think he will come.我认为他不会来。2）两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经）”等一般疑问句的含义。例如：I won
3、der whether (if) he lives here.The teacher asked whether (if) they were getting ready for the English Evening.如果要强调“究竟还是不”，常用连词whether引导宾语从句，后面再加or not或直接在whether后加or not。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：Id be interested to know whether he will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”or not.=Id be interested to know whet
4、her or no the will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”. 3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old hi
5、s brother was. 四.宾语从句的时态呼应：1）当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。2）主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。3）情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。二.宾语从句的语序；A.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）,如：I want to know if he can come tomorrowB.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him三.宾语从
6、句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”。A.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)2.He asks me if I saw his brother yesterday(一般过去时)3.She wants to know what has happened(现在完成时)4.I say that the world is changing all the time(现在进行时)5.He wonders what I was
7、 doing at five yesterday afternoon.(过去进行时)6.My father tells me that he will fly to Qingdao for a holiday(现在将来时)7.My sister says he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term(过去完成时)8.My friends hopes me that I can help him(含情态动词的一般现在时)B.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带
8、“过”字的时态分别是如：1.一般过去时，2.过去进行时，3.过去将来时，4.过去完成时1.He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)2.She asked me whether I was watching TV at this time last day(过去进行时)3.I wanted to say that our team would beat them(过去将来时)4.He wondered if I had finished my homework (过去完成时)5.I said I could help him (含情态动词的
9、一般过去时)C.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时，如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth2.He told me that one and one makes two. 状语从句状语从句是历年中考的一个必考项目，一定要特殊注意。英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。一时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语的连接
10、词：when（当时候） while（当时候） as（当时候） after（在以后） before（在以前） as soon as（一就） since（自从到现在） till /until（直到才） by the time（到为止）依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。举例：1.when当的时候（一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。）Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当)莫扎特的时候，开始写音乐作品。I will become a teacher when I grow up当我长大了，我要当老师2.while当时
11、He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地方。3.as在的同时；一边一边He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after在之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年
12、了。6.as soon as 一就(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。)We began to work as soon as we got there.我们一到那就开始工作。I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since 自以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自格林先生来中国以来，他
13、就在这所学校教书。(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。)8 till /until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。They walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。Xiao Ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。9. by the time 到为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时)By the time he gets there ,
14、his father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。By the time I got to school, the class had already began.我到校时，已经开始上课了。用法辨析：1.when, while和as的区别when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如： When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some wat
15、er for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比） As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如： We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”） As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） as
