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1、定 语 从 句走进中考定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下：1. 掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that， which， who， whom， whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。2. 掌握关系副词when， where， why引导定语从句的用法；3. 掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；4. 掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同；5. 掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副词的选择问题。思维导图1. 定语从句的概念和位置在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定
2、语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? This is the museum which was built last year.2. 先行词和关系代词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；e.g.: The man who has an umbrella i
3、n his hand is my uncle. 先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语）The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.先行词 关系代词（做主语）Lets find a place where we can have a picnic. 先行词 关系副词（地点状语）关系代词=连接词+代词定语从句的构成：He has a car. + The car has 7 seats.= He has a car and it has 7 seats.= He has a car which has 7 seats.The hotel is very
4、clean. + We stayed here.= The hotel where we stayed was very clean.We met a man. + The man directed us to the factory.=We met a man and he directed us to the factory.=We met a man who directed us to the factory.3. 关系代词引导的定语从句出题点：A 指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法； B 指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中
5、充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，主要用法如下表格：先行词主语宾语所有格人Who/thatWhom/thatWhose事物、动词Which/thatWhich/thatWhose人+动物人+事物thatthat关系代词与普通代词的区别：普通代词只起替代作用。关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。i. That引导的定语从句That 可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用
6、which指人用whome.g.: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept. We need a person that is right for the job. The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.ii. Which引导的定语从句Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放介词后除外）：e.g.: The river which runs through the cen
7、ter of the city was polluted seriously.The story (which) he told was very popular.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.iii. Who，whom引导的定语从句二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）e.g.: -We are proud of Mo Yan.-Yes. He is a great writer who won the
8、 Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. e.g.: Her sister married a man (who/whom) she met on a plane. 注意：先行词为one, ones, anyone 或those 时，定语从句中的关系代词用who e.g.: God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 重点提醒: whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替：e.g.: The person to who you just talked is Deep.(错误) 应该为t
9、o whom 或者可以这样表达：The person who/whom you just talked to is Deep. （正确） 在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可以用who代替，但who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。iv. Whose引导的定语从句Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。e.g.: Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 重点提升：有时“whose+
10、名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或者“of which/whom+限定词+名词”来替代。 e.g.: He lives in a house whose windows face south. = He lives in a house whose windows face south. = He lives in a house the windows of which face south.另：whose+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定
11、词。4. 关系副词引导的定语从句出题点：关系副词when，where，why的用法关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词。关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分Where表示地点的名词地点状语When表示时间的名词时间状语WhyReason原因状语e.g. I remember the day. + We first met then.= I remember the day when we first met. 关系副词作时间状语，相当于on which（1） when引导定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中
12、作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，week等表示时间的名词。此时时常可用on which，in which，during which等替代。e.g.: April the first is the day when people make fun of others. I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用when。（2） where引导的定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常为place，house，country等表
13、示地点的名词。此时常可以用in which，at which等替代。e.g.: Last year my parents went to the farm where they worked 30years ago. 先行词 关系副词作地点状语，相当于in which Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.先行词 关系副词作地点状语，相当于at which（3） why引导的定语从句why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason，此时常可以用for which来代替。e.g.: I know the
14、 reason why she left you.先行词 关系副词作原因状语 Please tell me the reason why she is crying so badly.注意：先行词是the reason，关系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语。但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that或which引导。5. 定语从句中的注意事项出题点：A. 只用that不用which的情况B只用which不用that的情况C定语从句中的主谓一致D“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择（1） 只用that不用which的情况； A 先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时
15、 先行词是anything，everything，nothing，few，all, none, little, some等，或者由every， any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that不用which。e.g.: Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? Any man that doesnt have a sense of duty cant do the thing well.B. 先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时e.g.: The first thing
