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1、1994 Passage 1 The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, strivi
2、ng to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coup
3、led with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be e
4、xpressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the products is in short supply relative to the demand, the
5、 price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the p
6、roduct. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce
7、goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.51. In
8、 line 8, paragraph 1, the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes means _.A Americans are never satisfied with their incomesB Americans tend to overstate their incomesC Americans want to have their incomes increasedD Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52. The fir
9、st two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that _.A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized productionB consumers can express their demands through producersC producers decide the prices of productsD supply and demand regulate prices53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise
10、economy is characterized by _.A private property and rights concernedB manpower and natural resources controlC ownership of productive resourcesD free contracts and prices54. The passage is mainly about _.A how American goods are producedB how American consumers buy their goodsC how American economi
11、c system worksD how American businessmen make their profits重点词汇：market-oriented（以市场为导向的）market市场+orient定位+ed形容词后缀。permit（v.许可；许可证）即per+mit，per-(=through)，mit词根“传送”，故“允许传送过去”许可。同根词：admit（v.让进入；承认）ad(=to)+mit；emit（v.散发，发射）e(=ex)+mit；transmit（v.传播；传导）trans(=through)+mit。Liberty is the right to do whate
12、ver the laws permit.自由就是做法律允许的任何事的权利。embrace /im5breis/ （v.拥抱；包含）即em+brace，em-(=in)，brace词根“手臂”，故“使在手臂里”拥抱引申为“包含”。brace作单词意为“v.支撑n.支柱”谐音“不累死”，因为累死就支撑不住了。Created by life, in definite circumstances, to act on definite things, how can it embrace life, of which it is merely an emanation or aspect?由生命创造，
13、处于一定情况下，作用于一定事物，它（指科学）只是生命的一种释放或一个方面，怎么能包括生命？coupled with 与相结合；bid up 哄抬物价；gain control over 获得对的控制。难句解析： The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in th
14、e marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.这是一个有定语从句和宾语从句的复杂句。首先要抓住的核心句为The American economic system is organized around a. economy，economy前面的定语在开始阅读时可以不看。在economy后面是一个以in which引导的定语从句in which consumers largely determine，而这个从句中又有一个宾语从句what shall be produced。在定语从句中又有一个by引导的分词结构spe
15、nding their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most作状语，说明消费者是如何决定应生产何种产品，而这个方式状语中又有一个定语从句that they want most。通过分析结构我们知道此句的所有意思都是围绕核心句的表语economy展开的，因此在阅读中应分层次，逐层理解对这一核心词的陈述，分清主次，全面理解。 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, cou
16、pled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.首先要抓住句首的thus，看到这个词，就应想到此句是前面叙述引出的结论。再看句子结构，跳过状语in the American economic system，先抓住这是一个强调结构It is. that，因此
