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1、History and Anthology of English Literature,What is Literature?,Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in describing in words some aspects of human experiences. Literature shows us not only w
2、hat a society is like in a certain age, but also what individuals feel about it, what they hope from it, and how they can change it or escape from it.,文学就是人学。 钱谷融 Literature is the study of (social) human beings. 文学作品主要就是描写人在社会中的沧桑沉浮。 A literary work is something mainly to portray how humans struggl
3、e to succeed and fail in the society.,Four Genres of Literature, Fiction Myths, parables(allegory), romances, novels, short stories Poetry Relies on imagery, figurative(比喻的，修饰丰富的) language, sound Drama Made up of dialogue and set direction Designed to be performed Prose News reports, feature article
4、s, essays, editorials, textbooks, historical and biographical works,An Outline of English Literature,I Anglo-Saxon Period (499-1066) II Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350) III Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) The Renaissance Period (1485-early 17th century) The 17th Century The 18th Century. The Romantic Ag
5、e(1789-1837) English Literature of Victorian Age (1837- 1901) 20th Century Literature,I. Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066),This period extended from about 449-1066, the year of the Norman-French conquest of England. The Germanic tribes from Europe who overrun（横行于） England in the 5th century, after the R
6、oman withdraw, brought with the Old English, or Anglo-Saxon language, which is the basis of modern English. They brought also a specific poetic tradition, the formal character of which remained surprisingly constant until the termination of their rule by the Norman-French invaders 6 centuries later.
7、,Achievements,Poetry Much of old English poetry was probably intended to be chanted, with harp (a kind of instrument in Chinese means 竖琴) accompaniment, by Anglo-Saxon scop (poet in Chinese means 吟游诗人), often bold and strong, but also mournful and elegiac (sad) in spirit. Major achievement: Beowulf,
8、II. The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350),This period began from 1066, the year of the Norman-French conquest of England. The literature they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in contrast with the strength and somberness of Anglo-Saxon poetry. Achie
9、vement Legend Arthurian Legend, Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400),Geoffrey Chaucer: the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England Chaucers creative work vividly reflected the changes which had taken root in English culture of the second half of the 14th century. His po
10、etry traces out a path to the literature of English Renaissance.,Major Work: The Canterbury Tales,. The Renaissance Period (1485-early 17th century),Literary Trends: Renaissance and Humanism The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. This period is characterized by the
11、 influence of the classics (in literature, language, and philosophy), as well as an optimistic forward-thinking approach to the potential of humans (known as Renaissance humanism).,Writers and Works:,Thomas More: Utopia 乌托邦 Edmund Spenser: Faerie Queene 仙后 Francis Bacon: Essays 论说文集,William Shakespe
12、are,Works: 154 sonnets, 37 plays, 2 long poems Comedy: A Midsummer Nights Dream, Twelfth Night, As You Like It, Merchant of Venice Tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet History Plays: Henry IV,The earlier seventeenth century, and especially the period of the English Revolu
13、tion (164060), was a time of intense ferment in all areas of life religion, science, politics, domestic relations, culture., The 17th Century,John Milton: Paradise Lost 失乐园 John Buyan: The Pilgrims Progress 天路历程 John Donne: Songs and Sonnets 歌与十四行诗,Writers and works:,Literary Traits Enlightenment an
14、d Neoclassism , the early age of Romanticism The Enlightenment movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept the whole western Europe at the time . The enlightenmenters celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. They called for a reference to orde
15、r, reason and rule., The 18th Century,In the field of literature, enlightenmenters believed that the artistic should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy . seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expression, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. Neocla
16、ssicism. A revival in literature in the late 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by a regard for the classical ideals of reason, form, and restraint.,Poetry: Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Rock 劫发记 Prose: Jonathan Swift: Guillivers Travels 格列佛游记 The Rise of the Realistic Novel： Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记, The Romantic Age (1789-1837),The literary views: Romanticism constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer
