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1、Lesson one1. Virtue is, indeed must be, self-centered.(para4)正确的行动是，确实也必须是以自我为中心的。 By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.2. The essentials are familiar: the poverty of the poor was the fault of the poor. And it was because it was product of their excessive fecundity.(para5)
2、他的基本观点为人熟知：穷人的贫穷是他们咎由自取，贫穷是热门过度生育的结果The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children. 3. Poverty being caused in the bed meant that the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration. (para6)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷和解决贫穷承担责任The rich were not to blame for the e
3、xistence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem. 4. It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God(para8)这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or to human society. 5.
4、 It declined in popularity, and reference to it acquired a condemnatory tone.(para9)然而在20世纪，人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷，遭到了普遍的质疑，人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy, love and friendship. Therefore, when it
5、was mentioned, it was usually the target of criticism.6. In recent years, however, it has become clear that the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it was only suspended.(para11)然而，最近几年，很显然我们又在试图寻求不为穷人的存在而内疚的办法这种尝试并没有结束， 而只是曾经中断过一段时间。The desire to find a way to
6、 justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned; it had only been put off.7. In fact, we have in the United States an extraordinarily good public service one made up of talented and dedicated people who are overwhelmingly honest and only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches, fla
7、shlights, coffee makers, and toilet seats(para13)实际上，美国有非常优秀的公共服务队伍一支由富有才于和敬业精神的人组成的队伍，他们非常诚实，以致像出高价购实活动扳手、手电筒、咖啡壶以及马桶坐圈以获取回扣的情况及为罕见Government officials, on the whole, are good; it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.8. This is perhaps our most highly i
8、nfluential piece of fiction. (para15)这种说法也许是我 们最有影响的一个虚构故事。It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.9. Belief can be the servant of truth- but even more of convenience.(para16)信念可以是真理的仆人，但更多的情况下只是一时之需。Belief can be useful in the search for truth. But more often tha
9、n not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.10. George Gilder, a greatly favored figure of the recent past, who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort.(para20)11. 最近深受欢迎的乔治吉尔德在众人的支持声中宣称穷人应该承受一定的痛苦，才 能受到激励而努力改变现状；George
10、 Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation; in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard.Lesson two1. But these marks of wild country called to my father like the legendary
11、siren song.可是正是这些特征，像希腊神话里海妖那动听的歌声一样，诱惑着爸爸。 Though the place was not pleasant and disagreeable to other people, they were the very things that fascinated my father-its unexplored, uncultivated natural state, and the challenge. The attractions were irresistible to my father, just like the legendary s
12、iren song to sailors. 2. Im afraid the days going to catch us, I explained, wondering what great disaster might befall us if it did.“我怕天就要黑了，” 我解释到，心里想天真的黑了，会有什么样更大的灾难降临到我们头上。 As a little girl, I believed my fathers words, and was genuinely afraid of the possible disaster-if we didnt hurry up, the d
13、ay would catch us and terrible things might happen. 3.from time to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial, though few crimes seemed to lead directly to his door.警察们时不时地例行公事，试图逮捕他，但似乎找不出他违法的具体证据。 In this place, though the police wound make some effort without real earnest to investigate Watson an
14、d bring him to court, there seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove that he was responsible for certain illegal activities. 4.The stranglehold Watson had over this section of Florida was not dissimilar to the unscrupulous activities of certain lawmen, other legal crooks, and even governors th
15、at our state was to suffer through its history.沃森在佛罗里达州这一地区的恶霸行为与我们在后来所遭受的某些执法者、法律骗子，甚至一些地方官员们的无耻行径毫无二致。 The control Watson had over this part of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or illegal activities of the law-enforcing officials and governors which Florida witnessed in the 20th century.
16、5. There was the little shack, not the most gracious of living quarters, and there was a murderer for our nearest and only neighbor, about thirty miles away. 小岛上有一个简陋的木屋，算不上很好的居住场所，唯一的近邻就是住在30英里外的杀人犯沃森。 Before the family built their own house, they lived in a shabby cabin at Gopher Key, close to the merciless Watson. 6.King Richard in his gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than ou
