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1、Abrasion brein磨蚀abration磨蚀作用abyssal fan深海扇aeration zone饱气带agitation扰动algae藻类alluvial冲积的alluvial fan冲积扇aluminum铝amphibolite（角）闪岩ample伟晶的andesite安山岩antecedent stream先成河anthracite无烟煤anticline背斜apatite磷灰石archean太古代arenite砂屑砂岩arete刃脊arkose长石砂岩arrangement安排aseismic ridge无震海岭assimilation同化作用asthenosphere软流
2、圈atomic原子的attitude产状augite（普通）辉石axial plane轴面bar障碍物、滩barchan星月形沙丘Barite（baryte）重晶石basalt玄武岩batholith基岩beach drift海滩漂移berm后滨阶地beryl绿柱石bioligical weathering生物风化bituminous沥青质的Blow out喷出borate硼酸盐breccia角砾岩braided辫状的braided stream辨状河brook小溪calcite方解石capacity容量carbonate碳酸盐（岩）cementation胶结作用Cenozoic新生界（的）c
3、hannel flow有固定水道流体chemical weathering化学风化作用chert燧石，硅质岩chondrite球粒陨石chromium铬circumference周长cirque冰斗cleavage解理cliff悬崖，海蚀崖coal煤cobalt钴coesite柯（高温）石英coke焦炭collapses倒塌，混杂competence强度，能力composition组成conglomerate砾岩continent大陆continental rise陆隆continental shelf陆架continental shields地盾continental slope陆坡cont
4、inetal margin大陆边缘converge汇聚copper铜coral珊瑚coriolis effect科里奥力效应correlation相关，对比corundum刚玉covalent共价的creek小溪，小河crest浪尖（峰）crust地壳cryptozoic隐生宙crystal晶体crystal growth/dissolution晶体生长/溶解deck（岩）盖，盖层deep sea ooze深海软泥differential weathering差异风化deflation（风）吹蚀作用deformation变形delta三角洲deposits沉积物diagenesis成岩作用di
5、atom硅藻dike岩墙diorite闪长岩dip倾角discharge释放，排泄量disconformity平行不整合discontinuity不连续diverge分离，分叉doldrums赤道无风带dolomite白云石dolostone白云岩dome穹隆，岩穹drainage basin流域drainage divide分水岭（界）drumlin鼓丘dune（风成）沙丘dynamo直流发电机earthquake地震（学）eclogite榴辉岩electron电子element元素emerald祖母绿，绿宝石eolian风成的eon宙eonothem宇epicenter震中epoch世er
6、a代erathem界esker蛇丘eustatic海面升降的evaporite蒸发岩fault断层fault block断块faunal动物的fertilizer肥料firn粒雪，万年雪fissure裂缝flint燧石，火石flood-plain deposit洪积沉积floral植物的flour粉flow stone泥石流fluoride氟化物fluorite萤石focus震源，焦点fold褶皱foliated片（叶）理化的foraminifera有孔虫（类）formation（岩）组fossil化石fossil fuel化石燃料fractional crystallizaton分异结晶作用
7、fringing reef边缘礁，裙礁frost wedging冰劈作用gabbro辉长岩garnet石榴子石gemstone宝石geodes晶洞geomagnetic地磁（场）的geothermal gradient地热梯度glacicer cirque冰斗glacier冰川glacier erratic冰川漂砾glaucophane篮闪石gneiss片麻岩Gondwanaland冈瓦纳（古陆）graben地堑granite花岗岩granulite麻粒岩gravel stone砾岩gravimeter重力仪（计）gravity anomaly重力异常graywarke杂砂岩，硬砂岩guyot
8、s平顶海山/盖奥特gypsum石膏hadean冥古宙hardness硬度hinge枢纽（褶皱）homogeneous均质的，同类的horn角峰hornblende角闪石hornfels角岩horst地垒hydraulic action水动力作用hydrologic cycle水圈hydrolysis水解作用hypothesis假说，假设igneous火成的，火山的intensity强度interspersed散布的，点缀的intrusive侵入的ionic离子的ionosphere电离层iron铁isotasy等值的isotope同位素jade玉joint结合点joint节理Jovian pl
9、anets木外行星jungle热带丛林jupiter木星Karst喀斯特，岩溶labradorite拉长石，拉玄武岩laccolith岩盖lagoon泻湖landsilde滑坡lapillus (lapilli)火山砾latitude纬度lattice晶格lava熔岩lead铅levee大然堤limb翼部limestone（石）灰岩liquefaction液化作用lithification成岩（石化）作用lithosphere岩石圈lizard蜥蜴load负载loess黄土longitudinal经度的loop循环，环流lopoliths岩盆low-velocity zone低速带lunar月
10、球的，月的luster光泽magma岩浆magnesium镁magnetometer地磁计magnitude幅度，震mantle地幔mantle plumes地幔柱（羽）marble大理岩marine海洋（的）mars火星matrix基质meander曲流meander cutoff截湾取直meander scar曲流痕mechanical exfoliation机械剥落mechanical weathering机械风化作用mercury水银，汞mesosphere中间层Mesozoic中生代的metallic金属的Metamorphic index mineral变质指示矿物metamorp
11、hism变质作用meteor流星，大气现象mid-ocean ridge洋中脊molybdenum钼moraine冰碛motion运动nebular星云（状）的，neptune海王星neutron中子nickle镍nitrate硝酸盐nitrogen氮nonconformity非整合nonrenewable不可再生的notch海蚀凹槽，凹口obsidian黒曜岩ocean basin洋盆offshore外海，海岸之外olivine橄榄石oolitic limestone鲕粒灰岩ooze软泥，海泥ore矿石orogenic belt造山带orthoclase正长石overturn倒转的oxbow
12、 lake牛轭湖oxidation氧化作用oyster牡蛎ozone臭氧层paleozoic古生代的Pangaea超级古陆/潘吉亚Panthalassa泛古大洋parabolic抛物线的parameter参数，指标parent material母岩物质pavement覆盖物peat泥炭煤pedestal风蚀磨菇（颈）perched滞，停歇的perdiotite橄榄岩permeabillity渗透率peroid纪peroxide过氧化物petrified wood硅化木petroleum石油phaneritic显晶质的phanerozoic显生宙的phosphorus磷photosynthesizing plant光合作用的植物Phyllite千枚岩piracy（河流）袭夺pitchblende沥青铀矿plaeo-magnetism古地磁plaeoontology古生物学plagioclase feldspar斜长石plate tectonic板块构造的plate tectonics板块构造plateaus高原platinum铂pl
