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1、英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一. Anglo-Saxon period贝奥武夫:thenational epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. (主题严肃，语言庄重)e.g. Homers Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features
2、:1. Using alliteration(押头韵)（该文最大修辞特点，每行第一个词辅音韵）Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（辅音）2. Using metaphor（暗喻，隐喻） and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is
3、 a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas二.The Middle Ages （Medieval Ages）Geoffery Chaucer杰弗里乔叟1340(?)1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”The father of English poetry.first time to use heroic couplet(英雄双韵体) by middle English代表作坎特伯雷故事集The Canterbury tales。It is _alone
4、 who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A ) A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. MatinLuther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting styl
5、e: wisdom, humor, humanity.坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet(英雄双韵体) by middle English特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德声誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf三.The Renaissance Period key word: humanism(Bacon,Shakespeare,Marlowe)A period o
6、f drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medi
7、eval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology(占星术/学、星座)2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam Shak
8、espeareBen Johnson.1 FrancisBacon弗兰西斯培根15611626（散文之父）The first English essayist.（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.nWriting style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and e
9、nriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.学术的推进随笔(famous quotas: )nThe theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.2 ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗马洛15641595“University Wits”(大学才子派), the pioneer of English dr
10、ama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.（不押韵的抑扬格五音步）Marlowe gave new vigor to _ with his “mighty lines”( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terzarima D. blank verse 浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）帖木耳大帝n 马耳他的犹太人3William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚15641616lHistorical plays:Henry VI ; Henry
11、 IV : Richard III ; Henry V；Richard II；Henry VIIIFour Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies:哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme s
12、cheme.4.Ben Jonson狐狸5Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞15521599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）The poets poet.The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster AbbeyWhich of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poets poet”? ( B ) A. Spensers idealism B. his struggle for c
13、riteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian Stanza Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.牧人日历 The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.爱情小唱n6 Thomasl More托马斯莫尔14781535乌托邦四. Revolution and Restoration(资产阶级革命与王朝复辟)The 17th Century（John Milton，Marvell ,Donne, Dryden）Theme :sex and death1 John Milto
