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1、Grammar the Subjunctive Mood 虚 拟 语 气,1,英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气 陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。 祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求，命令，指示或劝告等。,2,虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说的话不是事实， 一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)； 一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,3,Eg : We met in this room . 陈述语气 Do come to the meeting next Friday . 祈使语气 I
2、f I were you , I would study hard . 虚拟语气,4,一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法.,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。 真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与事实相符的。 非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的， 与事实相反的情况。 If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America.,5,6,I would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa
3、. I would travel around the world.,If I won the lottery,现在事实相反,7,If I _time last night, I _ to see the film with you .,had had,would have gone,过去事实相反,If he_ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,8,Mark: 100,I _ a party for you .,should get,If you,_ _ _,got,We
4、re to get,a full mark next time,将来时相反,would hold,9,If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. If it rained tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.,现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实相反,10,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。,If you had come a few minutes earlier, you
5、 would have met him.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.,假如我是你的话，我会马上走。,与现在事实相反,If I were you, I would go at once.,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,11,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again,what _ (ha
6、ppen) to our people on earth? c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help.,were,would take,broke,would happen,were not,could be,were,would ask,12,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom _ (be) more careful in
7、the exam, he _ _ (pass) it already. f. If you (get) up earlier, you _ _ (catch) the first train. g. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ _ (go) to the concert together.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,had met,would have gone,13,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks If there (be) no natura
8、l resource any more,we _ (make) use of nuclear power . b. What _ (happen) if you _(get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,would make,would happen,should get up,14,注意 1.省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ， 而把它们放在句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him abou
9、t it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment Had he worked harder, he would have passed the final examinations.,15,2 由介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构 常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有) , but for(要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life w
10、ould be quite difficult today . = If there were no electricity , Without his advice ,I couldnt have done it all by myself . = If it hadnt been for his advice ,16,But for your help , I wouldnt have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadnt been for your help , But for the meeting ,I would ha
11、ve gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadnt been for the meeting ,17,1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there _ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C should be D must be 2 But for the snow , we _ earlier . A will arrive B should have arrived C arrive D arrived,18,二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中
12、,Wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.,I wish I were a bird I wish I hadnt made such a mistake We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,19,用于宾语从句,20,I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.,I wish I were a bird. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish e
13、very day were my birthday.,现在时,21,He wish he hadnt eaten so much watermelon. I wish the lunch time would come soon. I wish it would rain tomorrow.,过去时,将来时,22,Practice 1 He is not a pilot, but he wishes he_ (be). 2.I wish I _(meet) him yesterday. 3.I wish it _(be) fine tomorrow. 4.A: You have made so
14、me mistakes. B: I wish I _mistakes every day. dont make B. havent made C. wouldnt have made D. didnt make,23,2.I wish they _ in this ball game . A would be succeeded B would be successful C had been success D had been successful 3. He wished he _ more about the subject , so he could talk about it .
15、A had known B knew C would know D knows 4. How I wish I _ a doctor , and _ the dying girl . A am , can save B was , saved C were , could save D will be , will save,24,5. -What shall we do next ? -I wish that Bill _ here . If he _ here , he would tell us what to do . A has been , has been B would be , would be C were , were D is , is 6 .How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden ! A has B had
