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1、初中英语语法专项非谓语动词,什么是 非谓语动词,谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(主 宾定状补),谓,非谓语动词的使用条件,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus but left her handbag on her seat.,非谓语动词的形式,动词不定式（to + 动词原型） To see is to believe,动名词 Smok
2、ing does great harm to peoples health,非谓语动词的形式,现在分词 Do you know the boy standing at the gate?,过去分词 We are excited at the news.,动名词和现在分词的区别,动名词常泛指，不含任何进行意。相当于名词。 现在分词有进行意，相当于形容词。,1、a swimming boy和a swimming suit,2、a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car,一动词不定式的时态和被动形式,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。,不定式的
3、形式有五种,1、一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2、进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3、完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.,4、被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5、完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday
4、.,二. 动词不定式的用法,I.作主语,(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.,主语,(2)常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus. 句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our
5、holiday in the mountains.,句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to sp
6、eak to the teacher like that.,II.作宾语,接不定式做宾语 I want to know this matter. I dont expect to meet you here,常见后面接不定式的动词,like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等,(2)it作形式宾语,I find/feel to
7、 work with him interesting ,句型,Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. I find/feel it interesting to work with him,We thought _ better _ start early. Do you consider _ better not _ go? I feel _ my duty _ change all that. We think it _ important _ obey the law. I know _ impossib
8、le _ finish so much homework in a day.,it,to,to,it,to,it,to,it,to,it,to,(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:,tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover,例句,He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I havent decided whether to go or stay.,下列
9、词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：,stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做,练习,In some parts of London,
10、missing a bus means _ for another hour. A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close,A,D,练习,She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to
11、rest D. rest Remember _ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off,C,A,(4)在can but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式,I have no choice but _to wait_.（wait） I cant do anything but _go_ (go )out with her. “前有do,后无to”,III.作宾语补足语,Ill get someone _t
12、o_ repair the recorder for you. What caused him _to_ change his mind?,这些动词后常接宾语补足语,advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade（劝说）, request+sb. to do,有些动词后的宾语不足语省略（to）,在动词 feel （一感） hear, listen to（二听） have, let,
13、 make（三让） notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看） (即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，,例子,They saw the boy fall off the tree. The teacher let me write my name on the book,注意：变为被动语态后，必须带to,The boy was seen to fall off the tree.,help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.,I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped h
14、im (to) find his things.,练习,He is often heard _(sing) the song. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.,to sing,cry,to cry,IV作定语,I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语),不定式与被修饰词的关系,不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no
15、 chance to go there. 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is always the last to leave the room. 不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词,选择题,1.The house is not big enough for us all_. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the fruit with B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit D. cutting the fruit with,A,A,V.作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果,I came here to see you We were very excited to hear the news He hurried to the school to find nobody there.,对比下列句子,To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary. To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed. To g
