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1、2018年聊城大学外国语学院616基础英语(含语言学及英美文学基础知识)之语言学教程考研基础五套测试题-一、Multiple-Choice1 What criterion is NOT used to classify the English vowels?（ ）A.The Openness of the mouth.B.The shape of the lip.C.The length of the vowels.D.The position of the teeth.【答案】D【解析】元音的分类标准是：舌在口腔中的位置、口腔张开的程度、嘴唇的形状（元音的发音长度）。牙齿的 位置并不是元音的
2、分类标准。因此，本题的正确答案为D 。 2 Generally speaking, the（ ）specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Marginin the structure.A.SlotB.ClassC.RoleD.Cohesion【答案】A【解析】派克认为，语言的三种等级系统中的每一个层次都具有轨位、类别、作用和接应这四个特点的语言单 位。轨位决定了法位在结构中是处于核心还是边缘位置。 3 When language is used to get informati
3、on from others, it serves an.function.（ ）A.informativeB.directiveC.interrogative【答案】C【解析】语言用来陈述某件事情，提供信息或用作推理。信息功能是语言最重要的功能，一般出现在陈述句中。 4 “You have left the window wide open. ” Which of the following is the illocutionary act performed by the speaker?（ ）A.The speaker intends to ask someone to close th
4、e window or make a complaint.B.The hearer closes the window.C.The speaker intends to express what the words literally mean.D.None of the above.【答案】A【解析】言内行为指说话这一行为的本身，使用音位、词汇、句法来表达字面意义的行为；言外行为指表达说 话者交流目的或意图的行为；而言后行为指通过某些话实施的行为，或讲某些话所导致的行为，实际上是话语 所产生的后果或者所引起的变化。因此，本题的正确答案为A 。 5 （ ）is defined as a con
5、scious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.A.CompetenceB.PerformanceC.LearningD.Acquisition【答案】C【解析】在学校里我们会学到第二语言，对第二语言知识的这种有意识的积累，叫做“学习”。 6 Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending?（ ）A.WTOB.MotelC.BookshelfD.red-faced【
6、答案】B【解析】混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成，一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单Motel 是由motor 与hotel 二词词的最后部分连接 起来，或者是把两个单词的幵头部分连接起来。的缩合。 二、Synthesis7 What are the three important points of the Prague School?【答案】 The Prague School has three points of special importance , First , it stressed that the synchronic study of language is ful
7、ly justified as it can draw on complete and controllable material for investigation. Second, it emphasised the systemic character of language, arguing that no element of any language can be satisfactorily analysed or evaluated if viewed in isolation. In other words, elements are held to be in functi
8、onal contrast or opposition. Third , it looked on language as a tool performing a number of essential functions or tasks for the community using it. 8 Put brackets around the immediate constituents in each sentence. Ex. （I ） （rode ） （back ） （when ） （it ） （was ） （dark ）.（a ）The boy was crying.（b ）Shu
9、t the door.（c ）Open the door quickly.（d ）The happy teacher in that class was beaming away.（e ）He bought an old car with his first pay cheque.【答案】（a ）（The ） （boy ）（was ） （crying ）.（b ）（Shut ） （the ） （door ）.（c ）（Open ） （the ） （door ） （quickly ）.（d ）（The ） （happy ） （teacher ） （in ） （that ） （class ）（wa
10、s ） （beaming ） （away ）.（e ）（He ） （bought ） （an ） （old ） （car ） （with ） （his ）（first ） （pay ） （cheque ）. 9 What is Contrastive Analysis?【答案】 Contrastive Analysis a way of comparing languages （e. g., L1 and L2） in order to determine potential errors for the ultimate purpose of isolating what needs to
11、be learned and what does not need to be learned in a second language learning situation. The goal of contrastive analysis is to predict what areas will be easy to learn and what areas will be difficult to learn. Contrastive Analysis was associated in its early days with behaviourism and structuralis
12、m. 10What is the relation between Systemic Grammar and Functional Grammar?【答案】 Systemic Grammar and Functional Grammar are two inseparable components for an integral framework of Systemic-Functional linguistic theory. Systemic Grammar aims to explain the internal relations in language as a system ne
13、twork , or meaning potential. This network consists of subsystems from which language users make choices. Functional grammar aims to reveal that language is a means of social interaction, based or, the position that language system and the forms that make it up are inescapably determined by the uses
14、 or functions which they serve. Systemic Grammar contains a functional component, and the theory behind Functional Grammar is systemic. 11What is Generative Semantics?【答案】 Generative Semantics was developed as a reaction to Chomsky?s syntactic -based TG Grammar. This theory considers that all senten
15、ces are generated from a semantic structure. Linguists working within this theory hold that there is no principled distinction between syntactic processes and semantic processes. This notion was accompanied by a number of subsidiary hypotheses. First , the purely syntactic level of deep structure posited by Chomsky （1965 ） cannot exist. Second, the initial representations of derivations are logical representations identical from language to language. Third, all aspects o
