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1、2017年南京师范大学F071英语语言学复试实战预测五套卷一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms1 CategoryCategory refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in 【答案】a particular language such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 2 Concord （or : Agreement）【答案】 It may be defined as the requirement
2、that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category （or categories ） . For example, the syntactic relationship between that girl and she in the following d
3、ialogue: A: Who is that girl? B: Oh, she is my sister.3 Audiolingual method【答案】 Audiolingual method refers to the teaching of a second language through imitation , repetition , and reinforcement. It emphasizes the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and writing and the use of mother to
4、ngue in the classroom is not allowed. 4 Foregrounding【答案】 This term is meant for what is unusual, attractive, unconventional, salient. In literature, foregrounding is often achieved through unconventional expressions which attract the readers9 attention. The main manifestations of foregrounding are
5、deviation and parallelism. 5 Endocentric construction【答案】 Endocentric construction : An endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent , or approaching equivalence , to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e. a word or a group of words , which serves as a definab
6、le center , or head. Hence an endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction. Noun phrases like “Lovely Lucy” are typical endocentric constructions. 6 Componential analysis【答案】 It refers to a semantic approach which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic compo
7、nents , or semantic features. For example , the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three components: HUMAN, YOUNG and MALE. 7 Diglossia【答案】 When two languages or language varieties exist together in a community and each one is used for different purposes, this is called diglossia. Usually,
8、 the more standard variety can be called the high variety or H-variety , which is used in government , the media , education , and for religious services. The other one is usually a non-prestige variety, the low variety or L-variety used in the family,with friends, when shopping, etc. 8 Speech Act T
9、heory【答案】 Speech act theory was proposed by J. L. Austin and has been developed by J. R. Searle. Basically , they believe that language is not only used to inform or to describe things, it is often used to “do things”，and to perform acts. 二、Essay-question9 Read the following quote from Chomsky. What
10、 do you think about Chomsky criticism and the revival of corpus linguistics?It seems clear that the description which is of greatest psychological relevance is the account of competence , not that of performance, for anyone concerned with intellectual processes, or any question that goes beyond mere
11、 data arranging, it is the question of competence that is fundamental. .These rather obvious comments apply directly to study of language, child or adult. This it is absurd to attempt to construct a grammar that describes observed linguistic behaviour directly ，a direct record an actual corpus is al
12、most useless as it stands , for linguistic analysis of any but the most superficial kind. .【答案】 Regarding linguistics as a branch of psychology, Chomsky insisted that what should be studied is linguistic competence , not performance. As he has claimed , the description of language performance only t
13、ells what is there, and is very inadequate in telling why language performs in the way as it does, or rather, how the intellectual processes affects it.What s more, language performance is more than often degenerated; there are false statements, hesitations , and so on. Therefore, the corpus linguis
14、tics which is based on the language performance is somewhat distorted from the goal of linguistics. Because, according to Chomsky, what linguistics is aimed for , should be the discovering of the constants , the general principle which all languages are constructed and operated as systems of communi
15、cation in societies in which they are used.Therefore , he suggested the construction of universal grammar, which is the ideal knowledge of language , is what linguists should be concerned with , and the postulation of grammar based on the observed behavior is also a distortion. 10How many types of d
16、ata analysis have been employed in language acquisition research? How are these types of data analysis significant in SLA research?【答案】 Four types of data analysis have been employed. They are contrastive analysis，error analysis , performance analysis, and discourse analysis.Contrastive analysis （CA ） systematically compares native languages and ta
