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1、 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。一、 情态动词表推测的用法 情态动词 意义 语气 句式 语境 例句 备注 must一定 可能性最大 肯定句 对具体事实的判断A：Look，someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our he
2、admaster. A: It cant be him. He has gone to Shanghai. B: It must be Mr. Wang. He looks like our headmaster. That may not be true. He couldnt have discovered the truth. 对现在的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/coulddo 对过去的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/could have done may/might(might可能性小于may)可能可能性较小，尤其might最不肯定肯
3、定句、否定句(可能不)can/could (could可能性小于can)可能疑问句、否定句(不可能)、(could有时也用于肯定句)有时会肯定句情态动词 意义 语气 句式 语境 例句 备注 should /ought to应该 ，理应 理论上Its 8 oclock now. He should be in the office now. Hi, Mum! Im on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes. 常表示在一段时间内可能发生的事或某人的期望。一般句末有时间状语，或有语境暗示。所表示的猜测发生的可能性很大。 注意：should (
4、ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如：When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _ be ready by 12：00. Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed【解析】 BA项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说，理应”，既回答了顾客的询问，不失礼貌，又为照片有可能尚未洗好，顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地，体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。 二、情态动词的其他用法1can, could, may, might情态动词意义 例句
5、 备注 can/could能力 I can see some birds flying in the sky. Could the girl read before she went to school? could表示泛指过去的某一能力。表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事，通常用was/were able to do，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing。如：Because he practised hard, he was able to pass the driving test. 情态动词意义 例句 备注 can/could允许(有时可与may互换) C
6、an/May I have a look at your photos？ can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。 请求 Can/Could you lend me a hand？Yes, I can. 情态动词意义 例句 备注 may/might允许或请求 You may take this if you like.May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby？ can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，cou
7、ld/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。 2.must, should 情态动词意义 例句 备注 must 必须 We must help each other to overcome the difficulties. Must I finish the work today？No, you neednt/you dont have to./Yes, you must. You mustnt take photos here, and it is forbidden. must表示主观意志，have to表示客观。如：They had to spe
8、ed up, for the weather turned terrible. Must I/we？的否定回答不能用mustnt。 偏要硬要非要Why must you always interrupt me？Can I borrow your car, Mum？If you must. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦。 情态动词意义 例句 备注 should 应该(常与oughtto通用)You should be polite to the old. ought to 的否定式：ought not to(oughtnt to)；疑问式：Ought to？ 竟然 It is strange t
9、hat he should react in this way. 表示惊讶、意外等语气。 万一 Should anyone phone, tell them I will call back later. ( If anyone should phone)If I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her. 用于if从句中强调“万一”，或用于虚拟语气。 3. need, dare 情态动词例句 注意事项 needI neednt go at once. Need you go at once？Yes，I must. /No, I needn
10、t.need可以作实义动词，用于各种句式。如：I need to go at once.I dont need to go at once. Do you need to go at once？Yes，I do.need作情态动词常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。dareHe darent cross the river.How dare you say that to me？dare和need一样，既可以作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。如：He didnt dare (to) go out alone at night.
11、 (在否定句中to有时可省略) 4.shall/will/would情态动词意义 例句 备注 shall 表示征询意见。 Shall I help you？ 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中。 表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思。 You shall do as I say. (命令)You shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)If you dont get out, I shall knock you down. (警告)用于第二、第三人称。 4.shall/will/would情态动词意义 例句 备注 will/would表示意愿 I will
12、do everything for you. None is so blind as those who wont see. 表请求 Will/ Would you please close the window？ 用于疑问句中。would更委婉 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作 Fish will die without water. Every time she was in trouble，she would turn to him for help. (would指过去某一段时间的情况，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总是，总会”，后面只能接动作性的动词。) used to表示与现在的情况相
13、反，表示“过去如此而现在不再这样”。其后既可接表动作的动词，也可接表状态的动词。如：There used to be an apple tree in front of the house.4.shall/will/would情态动词意义 例句 备注 will/would表示功能(能，行) If you dont have a pen, a pencil will do.We tried the door again，but it wouldnt open. 与否定词连用常表示“拒绝”。 表示推测(可能、大概) This will be the house you are looking fo
14、r. I would be about ten when my father left home.二、 情态动词have done 情态动词意义 例句 备注 must have done；may/might have done；can/could have done一定(肯定句)；可能(肯定句和否定句)；可能(疑问句和否定句)You cant/couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. 对过去的事情的推测 might have done; couldhave done；would have done本来可能做而未做；本可以做而未做；本来会做而未做He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.We could have walked there, and it was so near.与过去事实相反的虚拟表达 情态动词意义 例句 备注 should/ought to have done本应该做而未做 Your brother has failed English exam again. You ought to have given him mo
