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1、高考复合句专项讲解从属连词这种连词是用以引导名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的. 由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。从属连词有哪些大致可分为三大类： 1、that （无词义，不做成分） if，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分） 2、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有词 义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语） 3、连接副词：when，where，why，how，how many，how long，how far，however，whenever，wherever （有词义，作
2、从句的状语）1.定语从句一.定义：1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。3结构：先行词+关系词+从句二.关系代词引导的定语从句A. who指人，在从句中做主语Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.B. whom指人，
3、在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。C. which指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.D. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?E. whose通常指人，也可指物，做定语I once lived in a
4、 house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用限定词 名词+of which或 of which+ 限定词 名词结构来代替The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等This is the watch which/that I am looking for.2.
5、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that，不可以省略；指物时用which，不能用that，不可以省略；关系代词是所有格时用whoseThe man with whom you talked is my friend.3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 四.限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况1
6、当先行词是some (something 除外),anything, everything, nothing,/ few, little,/all, none, 等代词时，或者是由some, any, every, no,/ few, little,/ all, much /the very, the only，one of等修饰时This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoAny man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 当先行词
7、被序数词修饰或本身是序数词 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰或本身是形容词最高级 This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5. 当先行词既有人，也有物时Can you remember the scientist and his th
8、eory that we have learned?6. 在There be句型中7. 先行词在主句中做表语，或关系代词在从句中做表语。五只用which，不用that的情况：关系代词前有介词，先行词指物时只用which。This is the college in which I am studying.引导非限制性定语从句时只用which。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.六、As的用法1.as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。As we know，the earth is ro
9、und.正如我们所知，地球是圆的。The sun heats the earth，which is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来这对我们人类很重要。2as可引导非限制性从句，常常有“正如”之意；which可以表示主从句之间的因果关系。As we know，smoking is harmful to ones health.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。He was always late，which made his teacher very angry.他经常迟到使他的老师很生气。3当先行词被as，so，such，the same修饰时，关系代词常用as。Thats
10、 as good a place as I can find.这是我能找到的好地方。Ive never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听说过像他讲的这种故事。注意区别：This is the same pen as I used yesterday.这支钢笔和我昨天用的那支一样。(as表示同样的钢笔)This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用的那支钢笔。(that意为同一支钢笔)whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是“名词of whi
11、ch”或“of which名词”。of whom可以代替whose指人，词序是“名词of whom”。He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房子里。He lives in a room the_window_of_which (或of_which_the_window)faces south.七、1.“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom。She still remembered the day on which she won the prize.她仍然记得她获奖的那天。The man with
12、 whom she entered the hall was her husband.和她一起走进大厅的那位男子是她的丈夫。2 “名词/不定代词/数词of which/whom”引导的定语从句。I read some books，the_cover_of_which are old.我读了一些书，它们的封面是旧的。There are forty students in our class in all，most_of_whom are from big cities.我们班上共有40名学生，其中大多数来自大城市。八、关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。1关系副
13、词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I remember the day when(on which)I first met her.我记得第一次遇见她的那天。2关系副词where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我出生的地方。3关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？ 九、where在定语从句中引导的地点模糊化即抽象类先行词 1where定语从句修饰
14、抽象名词pointYou reach a point where medicine cant help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。注：有时point也可以是具体的地点：Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相
15、交点为E。The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口2、where定语从句修饰抽象名词caseThere are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。Today, well discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。3、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。4、whe
